{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:09:47Z","timestamp":1791850187755,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/01578-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/01578-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/18611-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/18611-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/12855-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/12855-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the major cause of human malaria in the Americas. How\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection can lead to poor clinical outcomes, despite low peripheral parasitaemia, remains a matter of intense debate. Estimation of total\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    biomass based on circulating markers indicates existence of a predominant parasite population outside of circulation. In this study, we investigate associations between both peripheral and total parasite biomass and host response in vivax malaria. We analysed parasite and host signatures in a cohort of uncomplicated vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Brazil, combining clinical and parasite parameters, multiplexed analysis of host responses, and ex vivo assays. Patterns of clinical features, parasite burden, and host signatures measured in plasma across the patient cohort were highly heterogenous. Further data deconvolution revealed two patient clusters, here termed Vivax\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Vivax\n                    <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                    . These patient subgroups were defined based on differences in total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia. Overall Vivax\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    patients clustered with healthy donors and Vivax\n                    <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                    patients showed more profound alterations in haematological parameters, endothelial cell (EC) activation, and glycocalyx breakdown and levels of cytokines regulating different haematopoiesis pathways compared to Vivax\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Vivax\n                    <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                    patients presented more severe thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, along with enrichment of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLCR). When patients\u2019 signatures were combined, high association of total parasite biomass with a subset of markers of EC activation, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia severity was observed. Finally, machine learning models defined a combination of host parameters measured in the circulation that could predict the extent of parasite infection outside of circulation. Altogether, our data show that total parasite biomass is a better predictor of perturbations in host homeostasis in\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    patients than peripheral parasitaemia. This supports the emerging paradigm of a\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    tissue reservoir, particularly in the haematopoietic niche of bone marrow and spleen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.71351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T08:07:06Z","timestamp":1632902826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.71351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia is associated with endothelial and haematological perturbations in Plasmodium vivax patients"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-2205","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o L","family":"Silva-Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tropical Diseases \u2013 Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5916-9845","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o CK","family":"Dos-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tropical Diseases \u2013 Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]},{"name":"Post-Graduation in Medical Pathophysiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-053X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carla","family":"Judice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tropical Diseases \u2013 Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Beraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannan","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogenes","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-9108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helder I","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich V","family":"De Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas","place":["Campinas, 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