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Focusing on the T cell response, we conducted a longitudinal study of infection-na\u00efve and COVID-19 convalescent donors before vaccination and after their first and second vaccine doses, using a high-parameter CyTOF analysis to phenotype their SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Vaccine-elicited spike-specific T cells responded similarly to stimulation by spike epitopes from the ancestral, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variant strains, both in terms of cell numbers and phenotypes. In infection-na\u00efve individuals, the second dose boosted the quantity and altered the phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, while in convalescents the second dose changed neither. Spike-specific T cells from convalescent vaccinees differed strikingly from those of infection-na\u00efve vaccinees, with phenotypic features suggesting superior long-term persistence and ability to home to the respiratory tract including the nasopharynx. These results provide reassurance that vaccine-elicited T cells respond robustly to emerging viral variants, confirm that convalescents may not need a second vaccine dose, and suggest that vaccinated convalescents may have more persistent nasopharynx-homing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells compared to their infection-na\u00efve counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.72619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T20:01:07Z","timestamp":1633982467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.72619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["mRNA vaccine-induced T cells respond identically to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern but differ in longevity and homing properties depending on prior infection status"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Neidleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department or Urology, University of California, San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, 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