{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:36:19Z","timestamp":1791304579975,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Start-up Fund for high-level talents of Fujian Medical University","award":["XRCZX2021026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XRCZX2021026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipid metabolism plays an important role in viral infections. We aimed to assess the causal effect of lipid-lowering drugs (HMGCR inhibitiors, PCSK9 inhibitiors, and NPC1L1 inhibitior) on COVID-19 outcomes using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used two kinds of genetic instruments to proxy the exposure of lipid-lowering drugs, including expression quantitative trait loci of drugs target genes, and genetic variants within or nearby drugs target genes associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol from genome-wide association study). Summary-data-based MR (SMR) and inverse-variance-weighted MR (IVW-MR) were used to calculate the effect estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMR analysis found that a higher expression of HMGCR was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06\u20131.81). Similarly, IVW-MR analysis observed a positive association between HMGCR-mediated LDL cholesterol and COVID-19 hospitalization (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.00\u20131.74). No consistent evidence from both analyses was found for other associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This two-sample MR study suggested a potential causal relationship between HMGCR inhibition and the reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Start-up Fund for high-level talents of Fujian Medical University.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.73873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T06:15:12Z","timestamp":1637648112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.73873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Association of lipid-lowering drugs with COVID-19 outcomes from a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7616-8622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wuqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5046-5493","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province","place":["Fuzhou, 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