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This computation is greatly complicated by observer motion, which causes most objects to move across the retinal image. How the visual system detects scene-relative object motion during self-motion is poorly understood. Human behavioral studies suggest that the visual system may identify local conflicts between motion parallax and binocular disparity cues to depth and may use these signals to detect moving objects. We describe a novel mechanism for performing this computation based on neurons in macaque middle temporal (MT) area with incongruent depth tuning for binocular disparity and motion parallax cues. Neurons with incongruent tuning respond selectively to scene-relative object motion, and their responses are predictive of perceptual decisions when animals are trained to detect a moving object during self-motion. This finding establishes a novel functional role for neurons with incongruent tuning for multiple depth cues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.74971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T11:15:10Z","timestamp":1652958910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.74971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A neural mechanism for detecting object motion during self-motion"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9106-4960","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"HyungGoo R","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q78tk20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/022kthw22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y0zf565","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-8962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dora E","family":"Angelaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Neural Science, New York University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-1273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory C","family":"DeAngelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/022kthw22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.51.1.16","article-title":"Columnar organization of directionally selective cells in visual area MT of the macaque","volume":"51","author":"Albright","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8230","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0126-11.2011","article-title":"Effects of stimulus direction on the correlation between behavior and single units in area MT during a motion detection task","volume":"31","author":"Bosking","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.2.944","article-title":"Eye position effects in monkey cortex. 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