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What is the spatial scale of sleep rhythms? To answer this question, we adapted deep learning algorithms initially developed for detecting earthquakes and gravitational waves in high-noise settings for analysis of neural recordings in sleep. We then studied sleep spindles in non-human primate electrocorticography (ECoG), human electroencephalogram (EEG), and clinical intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) recordings in the human. Within each recording type, we find widespread spindles occur much more frequently than previously reported. We then analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of these large-scale, multi-area spindles and, in the EEG recordings, how spindle patterns change following a visual memory task. Our results reveal a potential role for widespread, multi-area spindles in consolidation of memories in networks widely distributed across primate cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.75769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T06:15:49Z","timestamp":1655187349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.75769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Waveform detection by deep learning reveals multi-area spindles that are selectively modulated by memory load"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0094-6694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryam H","family":"Mofrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02grkyz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Mathematics, Western University","place":["London, 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