{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:02:05Z","timestamp":1790787725933,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI031478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI031478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015283","name":"Bloomberg Philanthropies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Malaria is among the deadliest infectious diseases, and\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent, needs to complete a complex development cycle in its vector mosquito for transmission to occur. Two promising strategies to curb transmission are transgenesis, consisting of genetically engineering mosquitoes to express antimalarial effector molecules, and paratransgenesis, consisting of introducing into the mosquito commensal bacteria engineered to express antimalarial effector molecules. Although both approaches restrict parasite development in the mosquito, it is not known how their effectiveness compares. Here we provide an in-depth assessment of transgenesis and paratransgenesis and evaluate the combination of the two approaches. Using the Q-system to drive gene expression, we engineered mosquitoes to produce and secrete two effectors \u2013 scorpine and the MP2 peptide \u2013 into the mosquito gut and salivary glands. We also engineered\n                    <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a commensal bacterium capable of spreading through mosquito populations to secrete effectors into the mosquito gut. Whereas both mosquito-based and bacteria-based approaches strongly reduced the oocyst and sporozoite intensity, a substantially stronger reduction of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    development was achieved when transgenesis and paratransgenesis were combined. Most importantly, transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    from infected to na\u00efve mice was maximally inhibited by the combination of the two approaches. Combining these two strategies promises to become a powerful approach to combat malaria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.77584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T06:19:46Z","timestamp":1664777986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.77584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Combining transgenesis with paratransgenesis to fight malaria"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0300-7470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-0058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joel","family":"Vega-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","place":["Rockville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chritopher","family":"Kizito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jae","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research 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