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Although this inflammation is often limited to specific target tissues, it remains yet to be explored whether distinct affected sites are infiltrated with the same, persistent T cell clones. Here, we performed CyTOF analysis and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to study immune cell composition and (hyper-)expansion of circulating and joint-derived Tregs and non-Tregs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We studied different joints affected at the same time, as well as over the course of relapsing-remitting disease. We found that the composition and functional characteristics of immune infiltrates are strikingly similar between joints within one patient, and observed a strong overlap between dominant T cell clones, especially Treg, of which some could also be detected in circulation and persisted over the course of relapsing-remitting disease. Moreover, these T cell clones were characterized by a high degree of sequence similarity, indicating the presence of TCR clusters responding to the same antigens. These data suggest that in localized autoimmune disease, there is autoantigen-driven expansion of both Teffector and Treg clones that are highly persistent and are (re)circulating. These dominant clones might represent interesting therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.79016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T08:01:33Z","timestamp":1674460893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.79016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Compartmentalization and persistence of dominant (regulatory) T cell clones indicates antigen skewing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gerdien","family":"Mijnheer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pp8hn57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University","place":["Utrecht, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9825-7554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nila 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