{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:02:16Z","timestamp":1793120536543,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["213506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["297908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["297908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["341750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["341750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EC FP5 GenomEUtwin"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL104125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL104125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EC MC ITN Project EPITRAIN"},{"name":"University of Helsinki Research Funds"},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010114","name":"Yrj\u00f6 Jahnsson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010114","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004037","name":"Juho Vainio Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["263278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["265240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["346509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["346509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescence is a stage of fast growth and development. Exposures during puberty can have long-term effects on health in later life. This study aims to investigate the role of adolescent lifestyle in biological aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study participants originated from the longitudinal FinnTwin12 study (n = 5114). Adolescent lifestyle-related factors, including body mass index (BMI), leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use, were based on self-reports and measured at ages 12, 14, and 17 years. For a subsample, blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) was used to assess biological aging with six epigenetic aging measures in young adulthood (21\u201325 years, n = 824). A latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of lifestyle behaviors in adolescence, and differences between the subgroups in later biological aging were studied. Genetic and environmental influences on biological aging shared with lifestyle behavior patterns were estimated using quantitative genetic modeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified five subgroups of participants with different adolescent lifestyle behavior patterns. When DNAm GrimAge, DunedinPoAm, and DunedinPACE estimators were used, the class with the unhealthiest lifestyle and the class of participants with high BMI were biologically older than the classes with healthier lifestyle habits. The differences in lifestyle-related factors were maintained into young adulthood. Most of the variation in biological aging shared with adolescent lifestyle was explained by common genetic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that an unhealthy lifestyle during pubertal years is associated with accelerated biological aging in young adulthood. Genetic pleiotropy may largely explain the observed associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (213506, 265240, 263278, 312073 to J.K., 297908 to M.O. and 341750, 346509 to E.S.), EC FP5 GenomEUtwin (J.K.), National Institutes of Health\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant HL104125), EC MC ITN Project EPITRAIN (J.K. and M.O.), the University of Helsinki Research Funds (M.O.), Sigrid Juselius Foundation (J.K. and M.O.), Yrj\u00f6 Jahnsson Foundation (6868), Juho Vainio Foundation (E.S.) and P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg foundation (E.S.).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.80729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T06:21:48Z","timestamp":1664778108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.80729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The role of adolescent lifestyle habits in biological aging: A prospective twin study"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6973-5385","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3dz165","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","place":["Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6430-8897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asko","family":"Tolvanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3dz165","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","place":["Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-6475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aino","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-2455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-7400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miina","family":"Ollikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-959X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elina","family":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3dz165","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","place":["Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu049","article-title":"Minfi: a flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of infinium DNA methylation microarrays","volume":"30","author":"Aryee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181","article-title":"Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: using the BCH method in mplus to estimate a distal outcome model and an arbitrary second model","volume":"21","author":"Asparouhov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mplus"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.936","article-title":"A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies","volume":"36","author":"Baecke","year":"1982","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002641","article-title":"Influence of puberty timing on adiposity and cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"15","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54870","article-title":"Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the dunedinpoam DNA methylation algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Belsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73420","article-title":"DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging","volume":"11","author":"Belsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.09.019","article-title":"Identifying opportunities for cancer prevention during preadolescence and adbiro","volume":"52","author":"Biro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.149","article-title":"A new, semi-structured psychiatric interview for use in genetic linkage studies: a report on the reliability of the SSAGA","volume":"55","author":"Bucholz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39238.399444.55","article-title":"Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey","volume":"335","author":"Cole","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9842","article-title":"Shared genetic aetiology of puberty timing between sexes and with health-related outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.8.897","article-title":"Testing causality in the association between regular exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression","volume":"65","author":"De Moor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11562-5","article-title":"Obesity and accelerated epigenetic aging in a high-risk cohort of children","volume":"12","author":"Etzel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw691","article-title":"Preprocessing, normalization and integration of the Illumina humanmethylationepic array with minfi","volume":"33","author":"Fortin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22085","article-title":"Early life adversity, pubertal timing, and epigenetic age acceleration in adulthood","volume":"63","author":"Hamlat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016","article-title":"Genome-Wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates","volume":"49","author":"Hannum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001432","article-title":"External-environmental and internal-health early life predictors of adolescent development","volume":"29","author":"Hartman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00248-2","article-title":"A computational solution for bolstering reliability of epigenetic clocks: implications for clinical trials and longitudinal tracking","volume":"2","author":"Higgins-Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Aging"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"Dna methylation age of human tissues and cell types","volume":"14","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318965","article-title":"Epigenetic age acceleration reflects long-term cardiovascular health","volume":"129","author":"Joyce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002498","article-title":"Leisure-Time and occupational physical activity associates differently with epigenetic aging","volume":"53","author":"Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"bib22","first-page":"739","article-title":"Common genetic influences on BMI and age at menarche","volume":"67","author":"Kaprio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.142","article-title":"The Finnish twin cohort study: an update","volume":"16","author":"Kaprio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18259","article-title":"Physical activity in adulthood: genes and mortality","volume":"5","author":"Karvinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.10.778","article-title":"Life course epidemiology","volume":"57","author":"Kuh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.016","article-title":"Drinking, smoking, and educational achievement: cross-lagged associations from adolescence to adulthood","volume":"137","author":"Latvala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414","article-title":"An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan","volume":"10","author":"Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e328364289c","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease: what does the new epidemiological evidence show?","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Cardiology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101266","article-title":"Association between obesity and puberty timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.06.017","article-title":"The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Loef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1128150","article-title":"Physical activity and all-cause mortality: an updated meta-analysis with different intensity categories","volume":"30","author":"L\u00f6llgen","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68770-9","article-title":"Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data","volume":"367","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101684","article-title":"Dna methylation grimage strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13528","article-title":"Bmi is positively associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in twin pairs discordant for body mass index","volume":"292","author":"Lundgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01138-x","article-title":"Childhood growth and development and DNA methylation age in mid-life","volume":"13","author":"Maddock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Epigenetics"},{"key":"bib37","first-page":"195","article-title":"Trajectories of alcohol use during the transition to adulthood","volume":"28","author":"Maggs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Research and Health"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8839.3","article-title":"A cross-package Bioconductor workflow for analysing methylation array data","volume":"5","author":"Maksimovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02398-9","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies identify 137 genetic loci for DNA methylation biomarkers of aging","volume":"22","author":"McCartney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182479747","article-title":"Genetic influences on physical activity in young adults: A twin study","volume":"44","author":"Mustelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"bib41","article-title":"Mplus User\u2019s Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"1998","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. 1998. Mplus User\u2019s Guide. https:\/\/www.statmodel.com [Accessed October 7, 2022]."},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8018-2","volume-title":"Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families","author":"Neale","year":"1992"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101348","article-title":"A systematic review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with epigenetic clock acceleration","volume":"69","author":"Oblak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Research Reviews"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3545","article-title":"Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predictors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men and women","volume":"108 Suppl 3","author":"Osmond","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2012.01015.x","article-title":"The impact of childhood obesity on morbidity and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537962","article-title":"A self-report measure of pubertal status: reliability, validity, and initial norms","volume":"17","author":"Petersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114423","article-title":"From developmental origins of adult disease to life course research on adult disease and aging: insights from birth cohort studies","volume":"34","author":"Power","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.177","article-title":"Pubertal timing and adult obesity and cardiometabolic risk in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Prentice","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101168","article-title":"Epigenetic clock analysis of diet, exercise, education, and lifestyle factors","volume":"9","author":"Quach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-024406","article-title":"Socioeconomic disadvantage and the pace of biological aging in children","volume":"147","author":"Raffington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.222","article-title":"Long-Term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Reilly","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.4.685","article-title":"Ability of the Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) \/baecke questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity","volume":"24","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1203","article-title":"Use of genetic variation to separate the effects of early and later life adiposity on disease risk: Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"369","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.83","article-title":"FinnTwin12 cohort: an updated review","volume":"22","author":"Rose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12988","article-title":"Longitudinal physical activity trajectories from childhood to adulthood and their determinants: the young Finns study","volume":"28","author":"Rovio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16060974","article-title":"Smoking and physical activity trajectories from childhood to midlife","volume":"16","author":"Salin","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417000487","article-title":"Early maturation and substance use across adolescence and young adulthood: a longitudinal study of Finnish twins","volume":"30","author":"Savage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002788","article-title":"Polygenic score for physical activity is associated with multiple common diseases","volume":"54","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw307","article-title":"The epigenetic clock and physical development during childhood and adolescence: longitudinal analysis from a UK birth cohort","volume":"46","author":"Simpkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3461","article-title":"Pleiotropy in complex traits: challenges and strategies","volume":"14","author":"Solovieff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Genetics"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14528","article-title":"Associations of alcohol consumption with epigenome-wide DNA methylation and epigenetic age acceleration: individual-level and co-twin comparison analyses","volume":"45","author":"Stephenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts680","article-title":"A beta-mixture quantile normalization method for correcting probe design bias in illumina infinium 450 K DNA methylation data","volume":"29","author":"Teschendorff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20748","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing assessed by height growth","volume":"20","author":"Wehkalampi","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Biology"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10140-6","article-title":"Clustering of health-related behaviours within children aged 11-16: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Whitaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/80729\/elife-80729-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/80729\/elife-80729-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/80729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:24:27Z","timestamp":1697059467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/80729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.80729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.80729","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.05.30.22275761","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.05.30.22275761","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.80729.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.80729.sa0","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.80729.sa2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e80729"}}