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In this study, we examined how T cell responses against CNS-derived antigen develop in the context of infection. We found that meningeal lymphatic drainage promotes CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses against the neurotropic parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in mice, and we observed changes in the dendritic cell compartment of the dural meninges that may support this process. Indeed, we found that mice chronically, but not acutely, infected with\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited a significant expansion and activation of type 1 and type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC) in the dural meninges. cDC1s and cDC2s were both capable of sampling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived protein and were found to harbor processed CSF-derived protein in the draining deep cervical lymph nodes. Disrupting meningeal lymphatic drainage via ligation surgery led to a reduction in CD103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cDC1 and cDC2 number in the deep cervical lymph nodes and caused an impairment in cDC1 and cDC2 maturation. Concomitantly, lymphatic vessel ligation impaired CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-\u03b3 production at this site. Surprisingly, however, parasite-specific T cell responses in the brain remained intact following ligation, which may be due to concurrent activation of T cells at non-CNS-draining sites during chronic infection. Collectively, our work reveals that CNS lymphatic drainage supports the development of peripheral T cell responses against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    but remains dispensable for immune protection of the brain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.80775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T08:01:23Z","timestamp":1671609683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.80775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Meningeal lymphatic drainage promotes T cell responses against Toxoplasma gondii but is dispensable for parasite control in the brain"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-9609","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael A","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen N","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac W","family":"Babcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia A","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Still","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney A","family":"Labuzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ish","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-2109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tajie 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