{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:54:39Z","timestamp":1791863679135,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-20-CE37-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE37-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Is irrational behavior the incidental outcome of biological constraints imposed on neural information processing? In this work, we consider the paradigmatic case of gamble decisions, where gamble values integrate prospective gains and losses. Under the assumption that neurons have a limited firing response range, we show that mitigating the ensuing information loss within artificial neural networks that synthetize value involves a specific form of self-organized plasticity. We demonstrate that the ensuing efficient value synthesis mechanism induces value range adaptation. We also reveal how the ranges of prospective gains and\/or losses eventually determine both the behavioral sensitivity to gains and losses and the information content of the network. We test these predictions on two fMRI datasets from the OpenNeuro.org initiative that probe gamble decision-making but differ in terms of the range of gain prospects. First, we show that peoples' loss aversion eventually adapts to the range of gain prospects they are exposed to. Second, we show that the strength with which the orbitofrontal cortex (in particular: Brodmann area 11) encodes gains and expected value also depends upon the range of gain prospects. Third, we show that, when fitted to participant\u2019s gambling choices, self-organizing artificial neural networks generalize across gain range contexts and predict the geometry of information content within the orbitofrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate how self-organizing plasticity aiming at mitigating information loss induced by neurons\u2019 limited response range may result in value range adaptation, eventually yielding irrational behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.80979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T05:15:09Z","timestamp":1730956509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.80979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficient value synthesis in the orbitofrontal cortex explains how loss aversion adapts to the ranges of gain and loss prospects"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jules","family":"Brochard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02en5vm52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050gn5214","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut du Cerveau","place":["Paris, France"]},{"name":"INSERM UMR S1127","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-1270","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean","family":"Daunizeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02en5vm52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050gn5214","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut du Cerveau","place":["Paris, France"]},{"name":"INSERM UMR S1127","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1222","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How long will long-term potentiation last?","volume":"358","author":"Abraham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00933.2009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Responses of amygdala neurons to positive reward-predicting stimuli depend on background reward (contingency) rather than stimulus-reward pairing (contiguity)","volume":"103","author":"Bermudez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.084","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using a symbolic process model as input for model-based fMRI analysis: locating the neural correlates of problem state replacements","volume":"58","author":"Borst","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0113-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"fMRI data of mixed gambles from the Neuroimaging Analysis Replication and Prediction Study","volume":"6","author":"Botvinik-Nezer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2314-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams","volume":"582","author":"Botvinik-Nezer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/843193","type":"preprint","article-title":"Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams","volume-title":"bioRxiv","author":"Botvinik-Nezer","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)81205-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adaptive rescaling maximizes information transmission","volume":"26","author":"Brenner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10016","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0487-16.2016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Partial adaptation of obtained and observed value signals preserves information about gains and losses","volume":"36","author":"Burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104666108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural substrates of cognitive capacity limitations","volume":"108","author":"Buschman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3864-11.2012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuronal encoding of subjective value in dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"32","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3136","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Normalization as a canonical neural computation","volume":"13","author":"Carandini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3411-11.2012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal encoding of interval timing in expert percussionists","volume":"32","author":"Cicchini","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5580","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1795-21.2022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Value, confidence, deliberation: a functional partition of the medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated across rating and choice tasks","volume":"42","author":"Clairis","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2279-18.2019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Partial adaptation to the value range in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"39","author":"Conen","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16533","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3927-14.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BOLD subjective value signals exhibit robust range adaptation","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:2\/3<109::AID-HBM7>3.0.CO;2-W","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal experimental design for event-related fMRI","volume":"8","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003441","type":"journal-article","article-title":"VBA: a probabilistic treatment of nonlinear models for neurobiological and behavioural data","volume":"10","author":"Daunizeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib18","type":"preprint","article-title":"On parameters transformations for emulating sparse priors using variational laplace inference","volume-title":"arXiv","author":"Daunizeau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daunizeau J. 2017. On parameters transformations for emulating sparse priors using variational laplace inference. arXiv. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.07168."},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005508","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Representational models: A common framework for understanding encoding, pattern-component, and representational-similarity analysis","volume":"13","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.11.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Computational precision of mental inference as critical source of human choice suboptimality","volume":"92","author":"Drugowitsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.07.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The population doctrine in cognitive neuroscience","volume":"109","author":"Ebitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06202.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Medial orbitofrontal cortex codes relative rather than absolute value of financial rewards in humans","volume":"27","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw157","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The human brainnetome atlas: a new brain atlas based on connectional architecture","volume":"26","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1989-16.2016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A spiking working memory model based on hebbian short-term potentiation","volume":"37","author":"Fiebig","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0413","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity: introduction","volume":"372","author":"Fox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analysis of fMRI time-series revisited","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"1995","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.064","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Variational representational similarity analysis","volume":"201","author":"Friston","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10005","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5023-14.2015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deep neural networks reveal a gradient in the complexity of neural representations across the ventral stream","volume":"35","author":"G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0549","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A study of analysis parameters that influence the sensitivity of event-related fMRI analyses","volume":"11","author":"Hopfinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib30","volume-title":"Thinking, Fast and Slow","author":"Kahneman","year":"2011","type":"book"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814417358_0006","type":"book-chapter","article-title":"Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk","volume-title":"In Handbook of the Fundamentals of Financial Decision Making","author":"Kahneman","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715293114","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Normalized value coding explains dynamic adaptation in the human valuation process","volume":"114","author":"Khaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/133504","type":"preprint","article-title":"Deep neural networks in computational neuroscience","volume-title":"bioRxiv","author":"Kietzmann","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905544116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recurrence is required to capture the representational dynamics of the human visual system","volume":"116","author":"Kietzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4009-09.2010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adaptation of reward sensitivity in orbitofrontal neurons","volume":"30","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.06.004.2008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis - connecting the branches of systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.02.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural network models and deep learning","volume":"29","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1981-9-1040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A simple coding procedure enhances A neuron\u2019s information capacity","volume":"36","author":"Laughlin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.09.040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An automatic valuation system in the human brain: evidence from functional neuroimaging","volume":"64","author":"Lebreton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8729","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4809-12.2013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stimulus value signals in ventromedial PFC reflect the integration of attribute value signals computed in fusiform gyrus and posterior superior temporal gyrus","volume":"33","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0615-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Four core properties of the human brain valuation system demonstrated in intracranial signals","volume":"23","author":"Lopez-Persem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06496.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficient coding and the neural representation of value","volume":"1251","author":"Louie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6139","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217854110","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Normalization is a general neural mechanism for context-dependent decision making","volume":"110","author":"Louie","year":"2013","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.08.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision-making","volume":"5","author":"Louie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.04.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Capacity limits of information processing in the brain","volume":"9","author":"Marois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficient coding theory predicts a tilt aftereffect from viewing untilted patterns","volume":"26","author":"May","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Marr\u2019s three levels: A re-evaluation","volume":"1","author":"McClamrock","year":"1991","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1162\/DAED_a_00320","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Working memory capacity: limits on the bandwidth of cognition","volume":"144","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X\/5\/4\/008","type":"book","volume-title":"Non Linear Neurons in the Low Noise Limit: A Factorial Code Maximizes Information transferJean","author":"Nadal","year":"1994"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1390.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Model-based fMRI and its application to reward learning and decision making","volume":"1104","author":"O\u2019Doherty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2021.03.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The hierarchical construction of value","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Doherty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04676","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value","volume":"441","author":"Padoa-Schioppa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The representation of economic value in the orbitofrontal cortex is invariant for changes of menu","volume":"11","author":"Padoa-Schioppa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14004","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3751-09.2009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Range-adapting representation of economic value in the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"29","author":"Padoa-Schioppa","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.104.5.507","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rational attention and adaptive coding: a puzzle and a solution","volume":"104","author":"Padoa-Schioppa","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000464","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bridging across functional models: The OFC as a value-making neural network","volume":"135","author":"Pessiglione","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control","volume":"134","author":"Pezzulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0292-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficient coding of subjective value","volume":"22","author":"Polan\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Toward open sharing of task-based fMRI data: the OpenfMRI project","volume":"7","author":"Poldrack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15999","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1770-13.2013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Blood oxygen level-dependent activation of the primary visual cortex predicts size adaptation illusion","volume":"33","author":"Pooresmaeili","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib61","volume-title":"Undercomplete Independent Component Analysis for Signal Separation and Dimension Reduction","author":"Porrill","year":"1998","type":"book"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11583","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1235-14.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integration of multiple determinants in the neuronal computation of economic values","volume":"34","author":"Raghuraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01775-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Losing my loss aversion: the effects of current and past environment on the relative sensitivity to losses and gains","volume":"27","author":"Rakow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh060","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurophysiological factors in human information processing capacity","volume":"127","author":"Ramsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2357","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making","volume":"9","author":"Rangel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.07.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Value normalization in decision making: theory and evidence","volume":"22","author":"Rangel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12416","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural processes mediating contextual influences on human choice behaviour","volume":"7","author":"Rigoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib68","type":"software","article-title":"VBA-toolbox","volume-title":"GitHub","author":"Rigoux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rigoux L, Daunizeau J, Adam V. 2023. VBA-toolbox. GitHub. 5899497. https:\/\/github.com\/MBB-team\/VBA-toolbox\/."},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01373-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal coding and neuronal adaptation in economic decisions","volume":"8","author":"Rustichini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinct roles for the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in representing the relative amount of expected reward","volume":"95","author":"Saez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.07.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anchors, scales and the relative coding of value in the brain","volume":"18","author":"Seymour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002607","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A range-normalization model of context-dependent choice: A new model and evidence","volume":"8","author":"Soltani","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib73","type":"conference-paper","article-title":"A value-relativistic decision theory predicts known biases in human preferences","author":"Srivastava","year":"2011","unstructured":"Srivastava N, Schrater P. 2011. A value-relativistic decision theory predicts known biases in human preferences. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society."},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2019.05.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Choice-theoretic foundations of the divisive normalization model","volume":"164","author":"Steverson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0008-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Elucidating the underlying components of food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134239","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk","volume":"315","author":"Tom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.09.036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modeling the dynamic interaction of Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity","volume":"84","author":"Toyoizumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/19525","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"398","author":"Tremblay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011117","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A model of colour appearance based on efficient coding of natural images","volume":"19","author":"Troscianko","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0258","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The dialectic of Hebb and homeostasis","volume":"372","author":"Turrigiano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_14_3_310","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal coding through divisive normalization models of V1 neurons","volume":"14","author":"Valerio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00239","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Firing frequency maxima of fast-spiking neurons in human, monkey, and mouse neocortex","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.07.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sensory adaptation","volume":"17","author":"Wark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106237118","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Testing models at the neural level reveals how the brain computes subjective value","volume":"118","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.07.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Choice variability and suboptimality in uncertain environments","volume":"11","author":"Wyart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02614-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Free choice shapes normalized value signals in medial orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"9","author":"Yamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05507-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multiple timescales of normalized value coding underlie adaptive choice behavior","volume":"9","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"dataset1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18112\/openneuro.ds001734.v1.0.5","type":"dataset","article-title":"NARPS","volume-title":"OpenNeuro","author":"Botvinik-Nezer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Botvinik-Nezer R, Iwanir R, Poldrack RA, Schonberg T. 2020. NARPS. OpenNeuro."}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/80979\/elife-80979-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/80979\/elife-80979-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/80979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:04:10Z","timestamp":1787565850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/80979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.80979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.80979","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.09.08.287714","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.09.08.287714","asserted-by":"object"}],"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.18112\/openneuro.ds001734.v1.0.5","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.80979.sa2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.80979.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.80979.sa0","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e80979"}}