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We challenge this perspective by using three different AA behavioral tasks in conjunction with optogenetics, to demonstrate that a neighboring region in male rats, perirhinal cortex, is also critically involved but only when conflicting motivational values are associated with objects and not contextual information. The ventral hippocampus, in contrast, was found not to be essential for object-associated AA conflict, suggesting its preferential involvement in context-associated conflict. We propose that stimulus type can impact MTL involvement during AA conflict and that a more nuanced understanding of MTL contributions to impaired AA behavior (e.g., anxiety) is required. These findings serve to expand upon the established functions of the perirhinal cortex while concurrently presenting innovative behavioral paradigms that permit the assessment of different facets of AA conflict behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.81467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T05:25:13Z","timestamp":1686720313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.81467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Male rodent perirhinal cortex, but not ventral hippocampus, inhibition induces approach bias under object-based approach-avoidance conflict"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-7678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandeep S","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-5311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andy CH","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1769-5470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rutsuko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20578","article-title":"Cortical Efferents of the Perirhinal, Postrhinal, and entorhinal Cortices of the rat","volume":"19","author":"Agster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.07042.x","article-title":"Qualitatively different modes of Perirhinal-hippocampal engagement when rats explore novel vs. familiar objects as revealed by C-Fos imaging","volume":"31","author":"Albasser","year":"2010","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.4\/raupperle","article-title":"Neural systems underlying approach and avoidance in anxiety disorders","volume":"12","author":"Aupperle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.01.046","article-title":"Human hippocampus arbitrates approach-avoidance conflict","volume":"24","author":"Bach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0735-7044.116.5.884","article-title":"Double dissociation of function within the hippocampus: Spatial memory and Hyponeophagia","volume":"116","author":"Bannerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(02)00268-1","article-title":"Ventral hippocampal lesions affect anxiety but not spatial learning","volume":"139","author":"Bannerman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3677","article-title":"Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spatial memory and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Bannerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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