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We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on human HNSCC samples to decipher the multi-dimensional characteristics of Tex cells. A proliferative exhausted CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified. Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.82705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T06:15:17Z","timestamp":1675318517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.82705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Proliferative exhausted CD8+ T cells exacerbate long-lasting anti-tumor effects in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0368-6258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danni","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011ashp19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, 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