{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:25:58Z","timestamp":1791563158821,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":249,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG060917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG060917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG071870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG071870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG073148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG073148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG074092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG074092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK107670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK107670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK095112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK095112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56DK132146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56DK132146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone integrity in disease. Recent breakthroughs have arisen mainly from identifying disease-causing mutations and modeling human bone disease in rodents, in essence, highlighting the integrative nature of skeletal physiology. It has become increasingly clear that bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, communicate and regulate the fate of each other through RANK\/RANKL\/OPG, liver X receptors (LXRs), EphirinB2-EphB4 signaling, sphingolipids, and other membrane-associated proteins, such as semaphorins. Mounting evidence also showed that critical developmental pathways, namely, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), NOTCH, and WNT, interact each other and play an important role in postnatal bone remodeling. The skeleton communicates not only with closely situated organs, such as bone marrow, muscle, and fat, but also with remote vital organs, such as the kidney, liver, and brain. The metabolic effect of bone-derived osteocalcin highlights a possible role of skeleton in energy homeostasis. Furthermore, studies using genetically modified rodent models disrupting the reciprocal relationship with tropic pituitary hormone and effector hormone have unraveled an independent role of pituitary hormone in skeletal remodeling beyond the role of regulating target endocrine glands. The cytokine-mediated skeletal actions and the evidence of local production of certain pituitary hormones by bone marrow-derived cells displays a unique endocrine-immune-skeletal connection. Here, we discuss recently elucidated mechanisms controlling the remodeling of bone, communication of bone cells with cells of other lineages, crosstalk between bone and vital organs, as well as opportunities for treating diseases of the skeleton.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.83142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T06:15:12Z","timestamp":1672294512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.83142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Bone circuitry and interorgan skeletal crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-9522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mone","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0877-7562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Se-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehr","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funda","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhath","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisa Azatovna","family":"Gumerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Frolinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Moldavski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orly","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Pallapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Rojekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Caminis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3496-3783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yelena","family":"Ginzburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-4577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vitaly","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry F","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Lizneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3436-8199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clifford J","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03d1wq758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maine Medical Center Research Institute","place":["Scarborough, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1642","article-title":"DLK1 regulates whole-body glucose metabolism: A negative feedback regulation of the osteocalcin-insulin loop","volume":"64","author":"Abdallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00771-2","article-title":"Tsh is a negative regulator of skeletal remodeling","volume":"115","author":"Abe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9126-5","article-title":"Determinants of bone turnover markers in healthy premenopausal women","volume":"82","author":"Adami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.06.016","article-title":"Mechanisms of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in osteocytes","volume":"127","author":"Al Saedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.08.039","article-title":"Relation of serum parathyroid hormone level to severity of heart failure","volume":"109","author":"Altay","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.01.046","article-title":"Follistatin complexes myostatin and antagonises myostatin-mediated inhibition of myogenesis","volume":"270","author":"Amthor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.07.004","article-title":"Tie2\/angiopoietin-1 signaling regulates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence in the bone marrow niche","volume":"118","author":"Arai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01271-7","article-title":"Organ crosstalk: the potent roles of inflammation and fibrotic changes in the course of organ interactions","volume":"68","author":"Armutcu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation Research"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-119-1-119","article-title":"Effect of ph on bone resorption by rat osteoclasts in vitro","volume":"119","author":"Arnett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051150","article-title":"Autoamplification of nfatc1 expression determines its essential role in bone homeostasis","volume":"202","author":"Asagiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00294","article-title":"Thyroid function tests in the reference range and fracture: individual participant analysis of prospective cohorts","volume":"102","author":"Aubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502562102","article-title":"Central IL-1 receptor signaling regulates bone growth and mass","volume":"102","author":"Bajayo","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206061109","article-title":"Skeletal parasympathetic innervation communicates central IL-1 signals regulating bone mass accrual","volume":"109","author":"Bajayo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI14588","article-title":"Hypothalamic Y2 receptors regulate bone formation","volume":"109","author":"Baldock","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16277","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110286108","article-title":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone induces a wnt-dependent, feed-forward loop for osteoblastogenesis in embryonic stem cell cultures","volume":"108","author":"Baliram","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63948","article-title":"Hyperthyroid-associated osteoporosis is exacerbated by the loss of TSH signaling","volume":"122","author":"Baliram","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4919","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2234","article-title":"Thyroid and bone: macrophage-derived TSH-\u03b2 splice variant increases murine osteoblastogenesis","volume":"154","author":"Baliram","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1974","article-title":"T3 regulates a human macrophage-derived TSH-\u03b2 splice variant: implications for human bone biology","volume":"157","author":"Baliram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45913","article-title":"Oscar is a collagen receptor that costimulates osteoclastogenesis in DAP12-deficient humans and mice","volume":"121","author":"Barrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0221","article-title":"A lack of thyroid hormones rather than excess thyrotropin causes abnormal skeletal development in hypothyroidism","volume":"22","author":"Bassett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050206","article-title":"Continuous loss of bone during chronic immobilization: a monozygotic twin study","volume":"10","author":"Bauman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000182189","article-title":"Growth hormone and bone","volume":"36 Suppl 1","author":"Bouillon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hormone Research"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00312","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin 1 in thyrotropin receptor signaling in bone: studies in osteoblast-like cells","volume":"11","author":"Boutin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013444","article-title":"High bone density due to a mutation in LDL-receptor-related protein 5","volume":"346","author":"Boyden","year":"2002","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02040","article-title":"Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche","volume":"425","author":"Calvi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.685453","article-title":"Hajdu cheney mouse mutants exhibit osteopenia, increased osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption","volume":"291","author":"Canalis","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R790","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00728.2009","article-title":"Follicle-stimulating hormone, interleukin-1, and bone density in adult women","volume":"298","author":"Cannon","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.11.011","article-title":"Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes RANK expression on human monocytes","volume":"53","author":"Cannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2174\/138920207783591672","article-title":"Myostatin in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle","volume":"8","author":"Carnac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Genomics"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.205","article-title":"The structure of myostatin: follistatin 288: insights into receptor utilization and heparin binding","volume":"28","author":"Cash","year":"2009","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23777","article-title":"Phosphorylation of \u03b2-arrestin2 at thr383 by MEK underlies \u03b2-arrestin-dependent activation of erk1\/2 by gpcrs","volume":"6","author":"Cassier","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68217","article-title":"The hepcidin regulator erythroferrone is a new member of the erythropoiesis-iron-bone circuitry","volume":"10","author":"Castro-Mollo","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.06.003","article-title":"Bone marrow adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that contributes to increased circulating adiponectin during caloric restriction","volume":"20","author":"Cawthorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.01.010","article-title":"Bone loss during menopausal transition among southern chinese women","volume":"69","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1407247","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and bone health","volume":"371","author":"Clemens","year":"2014","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/902186","article-title":"Irisin enhances osteoblast differentiation in vitro","volume":"2014","author":"Colaianni","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516622112","article-title":"The myokine irisin increases cortical bone mass","volume":"112","author":"Colaianni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607948","article-title":"Romosozumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"375","author":"Cosman","year":"2016","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1216","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.6.E1216","article-title":"Effects of prolactin on osteoblast alkaline phosphatase and bone formation in the developing rat","volume":"279","author":"Coss","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220918","article-title":"Skeletal overexpression of noggin results in osteopenia and reduced bone formation","volume":"144","author":"Devlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/382448a0","article-title":"Increased bone formation in osteocalcin-deficient mice","volume":"382","author":"Ducy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81558-5","article-title":"Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass","volume":"100","author":"Ducy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.016","article-title":"Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age","volume":"80","author":"Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-8080com","article-title":"The activin A-follistatin system: potent regulator of human extracellular matrix mineralization","volume":"21","author":"Eijken","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03398","article-title":"Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART","volume":"434","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib46","first-page":"56","article-title":"Myostatin (GDF-8) as a key factor linking muscle mass and bone structure","volume":"10","author":"Elkasrawy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1712","article-title":"Dimorphic effects of Notch signaling in bone homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Engin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.12.2083","article-title":"Disorders associated with acute rapid and severe bone loss","volume":"18","author":"Epstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20386","article-title":"John Hunter and the origins of modern orthopaedic research","volume":"25","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.01.001","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone directs bone marrow mesenchymal cell fate","volume":"25","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5266","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711119105","article-title":"Osteocalcin differentially regulates beta cell and adipocyte gene expression and affects the development of metabolic diseases in wild-type mice","volume":"105","author":"Ferron","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.04.017","article-title":"Intermittent injections of osteocalcin improve glucose metabolism and prevent type 2 diabetes in mice","volume":"50","author":"Ferron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.01.003","article-title":"Wnt signaling in the niche enforces hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and is necessary to preserve self-renewal in vivo","volume":"2","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090723","article-title":"Growth hormone protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in states of low circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)","volume":"25","author":"Fritton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.06.028","article-title":"The molecular clock mediates leptin-regulated bone formation","volume":"122","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.027","article-title":"Integrating patterning signals: wnt\/GSK3 regulates the duration of the BMP\/smad1 signal","volume":"131","author":"Fuentealba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-191577","article-title":"Anti-DKK1 mab (BHQ880) as a potential therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma","volume":"114","author":"Fulciniti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.002","article-title":"Insulin receptor signaling in osteoblasts regulates postnatal bone acquisition and body composition","volume":"142","author":"Fulzele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.09.012","article-title":"Cadmium, follicle-stimulating hormone, and effects on bone in women age 42\u201360 years, NHANES III","volume":"110","author":"Gallagher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014588117","article-title":"First-in-class humanized FSH blocking antibody targets bone and fat","volume":"117","author":"Gera","year":"2020","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.07.010","article-title":"Myokines: the endocrine coupling of skeletal muscle and bone","volume":"94","author":"Gomarasca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.686626","article-title":"Deletion of mbtps1 (pcsk8, s1p, ski-1) gene in osteocytes stimulates soleus muscle regeneration and increased size and contractile force with age","volume":"291","author":"Gorski","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5706","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0608","article-title":"Conditional deletion of insulin-like growth factor-I in collagen type 1alpha2-expressing cells results in postnatal lethality and a dramatic reduction in bone accretion","volume":"148","author":"Govoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12074206","article-title":"Reciprocal roles of angiotensin II and angiotensin II receptors blockade (ARB) in regulating cbfa1\/RANKL via camp signaling pathway: possible mechanism for hypertension-related osteoporosis and antagonistic effect of ARB on hypertension-related osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Guan","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1712","article-title":"Mechanisms of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in human osteoblasts","volume":"155","author":"Gunaratnam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.06.020","article-title":"Acute myelogenous leukemia-induced sympathetic neuropathy promotes malignancy in an altered hematopoietic stem cell niche","volume":"15","author":"Hanoun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12849","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600427103","article-title":"Tnf\u03b1 mediates the skeletal effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone","volume":"103","author":"Hase","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11000","article-title":"Osteoprotection by semaphorin 3A","volume":"485","author":"Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0038","article-title":"Thyroid hormone independent associations between serum TSH levels and indicators of bone turnover in cured patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma","volume":"159","author":"Heemstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1716","article-title":"Notch signaling maintains bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors by suppressing osteoblast differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Hilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200809113","article-title":"The sympathetic tone mediates leptin\u2019s inhibition of insulin secretion by modulating osteocalcin bioactivity","volume":"183","author":"Hinoi","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2013.20.1.37","article-title":"Changes in serum osteocalcin are not associated with changes in glucose or insulin for osteoporotic patients treated with bisphosphonate","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Bone Metabolism"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3540","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand","volume":"96","author":"Hsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301226","article-title":"Pth differentially regulates expression of RANKL and OPG","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2200","article-title":"METTL21C is a potential pleiotropic gene for osteoporosis and sarcopenia acting through the modulation of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2019.100207","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins: their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation","volume":"10","author":"Huntley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Reports"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.12.087","article-title":"Molecular regulation of mechanotransduction","volume":"328","author":"Iqbal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606805103","article-title":"Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates TNF production from immune cells to enhance osteoblast and osteoclast formation","volume":"103","author":"Iqbal","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0709-729","article-title":"Coupling bone degradation to formation","volume":"15","author":"Iqbal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-8-4-426","article-title":"Mechanism of the stimulatory effect of growth hormone on longitudinal bone growth","volume":"8","author":"Isaksson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01453680","article-title":"Regulation of cartilage growth by growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I","volume":"5","author":"Isaksson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07713","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate mobilizes osteoclast precursors and regulates bone homeostasis","volume":"458","author":"Ishii","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14747","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.093039","article-title":"Estrogen inhibits transforming growth factor beta signaling by promoting smad2\/3 degradation","volume":"285","author":"Ito","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117959","article-title":"Role of hyperbilirubinemia in the impairment of osteoblast proliferation associated with cholestatic jaundice","volume":"95","author":"Janes","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.009","article-title":"Adiponectin regulates bone mass via opposite central and peripheral mechanisms through foxo1","volume":"17","author":"Kajimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.07.006","article-title":"Foxo1 regulates dbh expression and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Kajimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Metabolism"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M509430200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor promotes runx2 degradation through up-regulation of smurf1 and smurf2 in osteoblasts","volume":"281","author":"Kaneki","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi370","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor type 2 gene is associated with human osteoporosis","volume":"14","author":"Karsak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.041","article-title":"Signals from the sympathetic nervous system regulate hematopoietic stem cell egress from bone marrow","volume":"124","author":"Katayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3062","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis: microarray analysis of gene expression in a rat model","volume":"12","author":"Kerachian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171320","article-title":"Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin\u2019s regulation of cognition","volume":"214","author":"Khrimian","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02422.x","article-title":"Low normal TSH levels are associated with low bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91086","article-title":"Osteoclast-secreted SLIT3 coordinates bone resorption and formation","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115115","article-title":"Increases in PYY and uncoupling of bone turnover are associated with loss of bone mass after gastric bypass surgery","volume":"131","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000950117","article-title":"Repurposing erectile dysfunction drugs tadalafil and vardenafil to increase bone mass","volume":"117","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14486","article-title":"The NO-cgmp-PKG pathway in skeletal remodeling","volume":"1487","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4809","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab548","article-title":"Thyrotropin, hyperthyroidism, and bone mass","volume":"106","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1702","article-title":"Liver X receptors orchestrate osteoblast\/osteoclast crosstalk and counteract pathologic bone loss","volume":"27","author":"Kleyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3432","article-title":"Pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells into Th17 cells in autoimmune arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Komatsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28551","article-title":"Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling","volume":"116","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13145","article-title":"Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone","volume":"507","author":"Kusumbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81569-x","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation","volume":"93","author":"Lacey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3106","article-title":"The notch ligand jagged1 regulates the osteoblastic lineage by maintaining the osteoprogenitor pool","volume":"32","author":"Lawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115832","article-title":"The role of zfp467 in mediating the pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic effects on bone and bone marrow niche","volume":"144","author":"Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.09.012","article-title":"Il-17A is increased in humans with primary hyperparathyroidism and mediates PTH-induced bone loss in mice","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10872","article-title":"Osteoclast-derived exosomal mir-214-3p inhibits osteoblastic bone formation","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3600","article-title":"Il-17 receptor signaling in osteoblasts\/osteocytes mediates PTH-induced bone loss and enhances osteocytic RANKL production","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9583-x","article-title":"The association of low bone mineral density with systemic inflammation in clinically stable COPD","volume":"42","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.07.148","article-title":"Oxytocin deficiency impairs maternal skeletal remodeling","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.01.011","article-title":"Protective effects of follicle-stimulating hormone inhibitor on alveolar bone loss resulting from experimental periapical lesions in ovariectomized rats","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22342","article-title":"Blocking FSH induces thermogenic adipose tissue and reduces body fat","volume":"546","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149543","article-title":"Rosiglitazone promotes bone marrow adipogenesis to impair myelopoiesis under stress","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401399","article-title":"Osteoclast formation, survival and morphology are highly dependent on exogenous cholesterol\/lipoproteins","volume":"11 Suppl 1","author":"Luegmayr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Death and Differentiation"},{"key":"bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4076","article-title":"LGR4 is a receptor for RANKL and negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.05.005","article-title":"Notch signaling in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis","volume":"189","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9975","article-title":"Roles of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in mouse postnatal growth","volume":"229","author":"Lupu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.022.041","article-title":"Liver X receptors and their agonists: targeting for cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.06.016","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling: components, mechanisms, and diseases","volume":"17","author":"MacDonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0024","article-title":"From estrogen-centric to aging and oxidative stress: a revised perspective of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis","volume":"31","author":"Manolagas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0166","article-title":"The effects of recombinant TSH on bone turnover markers and serum osteoprotegerin and RANKL levels","volume":"18","author":"Martini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2016.008","article-title":"Expression of OCT-4 and SOX-2 in bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation","volume":"4","author":"Matic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2474","article-title":"Quiescent bone lining cells are a major source of osteoblasts during adulthood","volume":"34","author":"Matic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1914","article-title":"Meclozine promotes longitudinal skeletal growth in transgenic mice with achondroplasia carrying a gain-of-function mutation in the FGFR3 gene","volume":"156","author":"Matsushita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044459","article-title":"Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density","volume":"354","author":"McClung","year":"2006","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/387083a0","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member","volume":"387","author":"McPherron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-119-4-1654","article-title":"Osteoblast-like cells in the presence of parathyroid hormone release soluble factor that stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption","volume":"119","author":"McSheehy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06685","article-title":"Haematopoietic stem cell release is regulated by circadian oscillations","volume":"452","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Ferrer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09262","article-title":"Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche","volume":"466","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Ferrer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.004","article-title":"Osteocalcin signaling in myofibers is necessary and sufficient for optimum adaptation to exercise","volume":"23","author":"Mera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.07.002","article-title":"Osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to maintain muscle mass in older mice","volume":"5","author":"Mera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Metabolism"},{"key":"bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-0102-7","article-title":"Aging and menopause reprogram osteoclast precursors for aggressive bone resorption","volume":"8","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Research"},{"key":"bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23629","article-title":"VISIONS: FSH and bone microarchitecture in mice","volume":"89","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.12.001","article-title":"The association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in its reference range and bone status in postmenopausal american women","volume":"40","author":"Morris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2452","article-title":"Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression","volume":"17","author":"Nakashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-114397","article-title":"In vivo genetic evidence for klotho-dependent, fibroblast growth factor 23 (fgf23) -mediated regulation of systemic phosphate homeostasis","volume":"23","author":"Nakatani","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2489","article-title":"Suppression of bone formation by osteoclastic expression of semaphorin 4D","volume":"17","author":"Negishi-Koga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(02)00100-9","article-title":"Lack of effect of intravenous pamidronate on fracture incidence and bone mineral density after orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"37","author":"Ninkovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.181","article-title":"Osteocalcin in the brain: from embryonic development to age-related decline in cognition","volume":"14","author":"Obri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504187103","article-title":"Peripheral cannabinoid receptor, CB2, regulates bone mass","volume":"103","author":"Ofek","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.1.0324","article-title":"Growth hormone and bone","volume":"19","author":"Ohlsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0010","article-title":"The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I","volume":"30","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00064","article-title":"Organ system crosstalk in cardiometabolic disease in the age of multimorbidity","volume":"7","author":"Oishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102836","article-title":"Trem2 and \u03b2-catenin regulate bone homeostasis by controlling the rate of osteoclastogenesis","volume":"188","author":"Otero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.042","article-title":"Maternal and offspring pools of osteocalcin influence brain development and functions","volume":"155","author":"Oury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02731.x","article-title":"A hormone map of human immune cells showing the presence of adrenocorticotropic hormone, triiodothyronine and endorphin in immunophenotyped white blood cells","volume":"123","author":"P\u00e1llinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20764","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805133106","article-title":"Regulation of bone formation by osteoclasts involves wnt\/BMP signaling and the chemokine sphingosine-1-phosphate","volume":"105","author":"Pederson","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040116","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate the formation of human osteoclastlike cells in vitro","volume":"4","author":"Pfeilschifter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003858","article-title":"Gprc6A null mice exhibit osteopenia, feminization and metabolic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Pi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.390","article-title":"Gprc6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in \u03b2-cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo","volume":"26","author":"Pi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.05.019","article-title":"Defining osteoblast and adipocyte lineages in the bone marrow","volume":"118","author":"Pierce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-132134","article-title":"Myeloma-derived dickkopf-1 disrupts wnt-regulated osteoprotegerin and RANKL production by osteoblasts: a potential mechanism underlying osteolytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma","volume":"112","author":"Qiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13511","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.454892","article-title":"The central nervous system (CNS)-independent anti-bone-resorptive activity of muscle contraction and the underlying molecular and cellular signatures","volume":"288","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.770941","article-title":"Myostatin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by suppressing osteocyte-derived exosomal microrna-218: A novel mechanism in muscle-bone communication","volume":"292","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.178251","article-title":"Zinc finger protein 467 is a novel regulator of osteoblast and adipocyte commitment","volume":"286","author":"Quach","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1345-4","article-title":"Regulation of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins by thyroid stimulating hormone in human osteoblast-like (saos2) cells","volume":"368","author":"Ramajayam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020777","article-title":"Reproductive hormones in the early menopausal transition: relationship to ethnicity, body size, and menopausal status","volume":"88","author":"Randolph","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.051","article-title":"The HIF signaling pathway in osteoblasts directly modulates erythropoiesis through the production of EPO","volume":"149","author":"Rankin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-008-9069-9","article-title":"Age-dependent wnt gene expression in bone and during the course of osteoblast differentiation","volume":"30","author":"Rauner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0573","article-title":"Effects of a beta-blocker on bone turnover in normal postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Reid","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0043","article-title":"Fshr gene polymorphisms influence bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women","volume":"163","author":"Rendina","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.446","article-title":"Twenty bone-mineral-density loci identified by large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"41","author":"Rivadeneira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.112","article-title":"FSH-receptor isoforms and FSH-dependent gene transcription in human monocytes and osteoclasts","volume":"394","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72606","article-title":"Vitamin B\u2081\u2082-dependent taurine synthesis regulates growth and bone mass","volume":"124","author":"Roman-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24605","article-title":"Effects of bilirubin and sera from jaundiced patients on osteoblasts: contribution to the development of osteoporosis in liver diseases","volume":"54","author":"Ruiz-Gasp\u00e0","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708322","article-title":"Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis","volume":"377","author":"Saag","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15152","article-title":"The effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on alpha-2-macroglobulin in osteoblasts derived from human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"24","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.12","article-title":"BMP signalling in skeletal development, disease and repair","volume":"12","author":"Salazar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070302","article-title":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone restores bone volume, microarchitecture, and strength in aged ovariectomized rats","volume":"22","author":"Sampath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1640","article-title":"Central control of bone remodeling by neuromedin U","volume":"13","author":"Sato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090602","article-title":"Regulation of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling by hifs and VEGF","volume":"24","author":"Schipani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1326","article-title":"Use of beta-blockers and risk of fractures","volume":"292","author":"Schlienger","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271436","article-title":"Intrinsic muscle clock is necessary for musculoskeletal health","volume":"593","author":"Schroder","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.008","article-title":"Prolactin directly enhances bone turnover by raising osteoblast-expressed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand\/osteoprotegerin ratio","volume":"42","author":"Seriwatanachai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb6020014","article-title":"Unanswered questions regarding sex and BMP\/TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506761200","article-title":"Smad6 interacts with Runx2 and mediates Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1-induced Runx2 degradation","volume":"281","author":"Shen","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.10.001","article-title":"Central and peripheral mechanisms of the NPY system in the regulation of bone and adipose tissue","volume":"50","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101545198","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of FGF23 as a causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia","volume":"98","author":"Shimada","year":"2001","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19081","article-title":"Targeted ablation of FGF23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism","volume":"113","author":"Shimada","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09273-z","article-title":"Gfi1b regulates the level of wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytes","volume":"10","author":"Shooshtarizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)80209-3","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density","volume":"89","author":"Simonet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.7088","article-title":"Liver-derived insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the principal source of IGF-I in blood but is not required for postnatal body growth in mice","volume":"96","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.7.7608281","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone turnover in lactating and nonlactating postpartum women","volume":"80","author":"Sowers","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-002-1329-4","article-title":"Endogenous hormones and bone turnover markers in pre- and perimenopausal women: Swan","volume":"14","author":"Sowers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421422111","article-title":"Repurposing of bisphosphonates for the prevention and therapy of nonsmall cell lung and breast cancer","volume":"111","author":"Stachnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19378","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809223105","article-title":"The hormonal action of IGF1 in postnatal mouse growth","volume":"105","author":"Stratikopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.03.001","article-title":"Bone marrow adipose tissue: formation, function and regulation","volume":"28","author":"Suchacki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology"},{"key":"bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17130","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508480102","article-title":"Calcineurin regulates bone formation by the osteoblast","volume":"102","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.051","article-title":"Fsh directly regulates bone mass","volume":"125","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F285","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00415.2005","article-title":"Evidence that calcineurin is required for the genesis of bone-resorbing osteoclasts","volume":"292","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology"},{"key":"bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712395105","article-title":"Intermittent recombinant TSH injections prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss","volume":"105","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9891","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308336110","article-title":"Genetic confirmation for a central role for tnf\u03b1 in the direct action of thyroid stimulating hormone on the skeleton","volume":"110","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523762113","article-title":"Functions of vasopressin and oxytocin in bone mass regulation","volume":"113","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913611116","article-title":"Oxytocin regulates body composition","volume":"116","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2062","article-title":"Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems","volume":"7","author":"Takayanagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"bib195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(02)01049-8","article-title":"Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"111","author":"Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7957com","article-title":"The cannabinoid CB1 receptor regulates bone formation by modulating adrenergic signaling","volume":"22","author":"Tam","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901890106","article-title":"Oxytocin is an anabolic bone hormone","volume":"106","author":"Tamma","year":"2009","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318257110","article-title":"Regulation of bone remodeling by vasopressin explains the bone loss in hyponatremia","volume":"110","author":"Tamma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1979","article-title":"TGF-beta1-induced migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells couples bone resorption with formation","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00127","article-title":"The bone marrow-derived stromal cells: commitment and regulation of adipogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Tencerova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1807-7","article-title":"Determinants of undercarboxylated and carboxylated osteocalcin concentrations in type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Thrailkill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.12.3358","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha activation increases adiponectin receptors and reduces obesity-related inflammation in adipose tissue: comparison of activation of PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and their combination","volume":"54","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03016.x","article-title":"Effects of serum TSH and FT4 levels and the TSHR-asp727glu polymorphism on bone: the rotterdam study","volume":"68","author":"van der Deure","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1156","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa922","article-title":"Serum FSH is associated with BMD, bone marrow adiposity, and body composition in the AGES-Reykjavik study of older adults","volume":"106","author":"Veldhuis-Vlug","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2426","article-title":"Inner ear vestibular signals regulate bone remodeling via the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"30","author":"Vignaux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10404-z","article-title":"Inhibition of GDF8 (myostatin) accelerates bone regeneration in diabetes mellitus type 2","volume":"7","author":"Wallner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.067","article-title":"Bmp signaling in skeletal development","volume":"328","author":"Wan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31581","article-title":"The hypoxia-inducible factor alpha pathway couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis during skeletal development","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134986","article-title":"Follicle-Stimulating hormone increases the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis by stimulating osteoclast differentiation","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002620","article-title":"Erythroferrone lowers hepcidin by sequestering BMP2\/6 heterodimer from binding to the BMP type I receptor ALK3","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.08.007","article-title":"Notch signaling and the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche","volume":"46","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72323","article-title":"Bone-specific insulin resistance disrupts whole-body glucose homeostasis via decreased osteocalcin activation","volume":"124","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0887","article-title":"Osteocalcin promotes \u03b2-cell proliferation during development and adulthood through GPRC6A","volume":"63","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI15543","article-title":"Impaired osteoblastic differentiation, reduced bone formation, and severe osteoporosis in noggin-overexpressing mice","volume":"112","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000586","article-title":"Bone microenvironment specific roles of ITAM adapter signaling during bone remodeling induced by acute estrogen-deficiency","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0943-9","article-title":"Age-Related changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover and gonadotropin levels and their relationship among Chinese adult women","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"bib217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.255000.114","article-title":"Oxygen-Sensing PhDs regulate bone homeostasis through the modulation of osteoprotegerin","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"key":"bib218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.9","article-title":"Tgf-\u03b2 and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Research"},{"key":"bib219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1022800716196","article-title":"The evolutionary origins of maternal calcium and bone metabolism during lactation","volume":"7","author":"Wysolmerski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia"},{"key":"bib220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2448","article-title":"Matrix-embedded cells control osteoclast formation","volume":"17","author":"Xiong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138189","article-title":"Osteocytes, not osteoblasts or lining cells, are the main source of the RANKL required for osteoclast formation in remodeling bone","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.09.027","article-title":"Relationship of age-related concentrations of serum FSH and LH with bone mineral density, prevalence of osteoporosis in native Chinese women","volume":"400","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"bib223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7324","article-title":"Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I","volume":"96","author":"Yakar","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-118976","article-title":"Serum complexes of insulin-like growth factor-1 modulate skeletal integrity and carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Yakar","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8689","article-title":"Leptin receptor signal transduction: obra and obrb of fa type","volume":"246","author":"Yamashita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.051904","article-title":"Axin2 controls bone remodeling through the beta-catenin-BMP signaling pathway in adult mice","volume":"122","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"bib227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140214","article-title":"Bone marrow adipogenic lineage precursors promote osteoclastogenesis in bone remodeling and pathologic bone loss","volume":"131","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.02.015","article-title":"Leptin receptor promotes adipogenesis and reduces osteogenesis by regulating mesenchymal stromal cells in adult bone marrow","volume":"18","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"bib229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421410111","article-title":"Bisphosphonates inactivate human egfrs to exert antitumor actions","volume":"111","author":"Yuen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(89)91143-1","article-title":"\u201c calcium-activated \u201d intracellular calcium elevation: a novel mechanism of osteoclast regulation","volume":"163","author":"Zaidi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(92)91377-3","article-title":"Evidence that a ryanodine receptor triggers signal transduction in the osteoclast","volume":"188","author":"Zaidi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118197","article-title":"A ryanodine receptor-like molecule expressed in the osteoclast plasma membrane functions in extracellular Ca2+ sensing","volume":"96","author":"Zaidi","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1593","article-title":"Skeletal remodeling in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Zaidi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912176107","article-title":"Acth protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of bone","volume":"107","author":"Zaidi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/485047a","article-title":"Translational medicine: double protection for weakened bones","volume":"485","author":"Zaidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4104","article-title":"Closing the loop on the bone-resorbing osteoclast","volume":"22","author":"Zaidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0140","article-title":"Notch inhibits osteoblast differentiation and causes osteopenia","volume":"149","author":"Zanotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27883","article-title":"Liver X receptors as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling","volume":"116","author":"Zelcer","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02041","article-title":"Identification of the haematopoietic stem cell niche and control of the niche size","volume":"425","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.09.029","article-title":"Wnt\/\u0392-Catenin signaling activates bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in osteoblasts","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"bib241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.56","article-title":"Exercise-induced irisin in bone and systemic irisin administration reveal new regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Research"},{"key":"bib242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12854","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313294200","article-title":"Smurf1 inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo","volume":"279","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.05.012","article-title":"Bidirectional ephrinb2-ephb4 signaling controls bone homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2007","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor-8 regulates bone metabolism by suppressing osteoclastogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0210","article-title":"Estrogens activate bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transcription in mouse mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/23293","article-title":"A Smad ubiquitin ligase targets the BMP pathway and affects embryonic pattern formation","volume":"400","author":"Zhu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212806109","article-title":"Blocking antibody to the \u03b2-subunit of FSH prevents bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone synthesis","volume":"109","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.104","article-title":"Blocking FSH action attenuates osteoclastogenesis","volume":"422","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14513","article-title":"Osteogenic effects in a rat osteoporosis model and femur defect model by simvastatin microcrystals","volume":"1487","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/83142\/elife-83142-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/83142\/elife-83142-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/83142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:09:39Z","timestamp":1697058579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/83142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"references-count":249,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.83142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.83142","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e83142"}}