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Yet, there are significant parallels in the computation that both types of memory require. For instance, the representation of precise item-specific memory requires the separation of overlapping neural representations of similar information. This computation has been referred to as pattern separation, which can be mediated by the entorhinal-DG\/CA3 pathway of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in service of long-term episodic memory. However, although recent evidence has suggested that the MTL is involved in WM, the extent to which the entorhinal-DG\/CA3 pathway supports precise item-specific WM has remained elusive. Here, we combine an established orientation WM task with high-resolution fMRI to test the hypothesis that the entorhinal-DG\/CA3 pathway retains visual WM of a simple surface feature. Participants were retrospectively cued to retain one of the two studied orientation gratings during a brief delay period and then tried to reproduce the cued orientation as precisely as possible. By modeling the delay-period activity to reconstruct the retained WM content, we found that the anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex (aLEC) and the hippocampal DG\/CA3 subfield both contain item-specific WM information that is associated with subsequent recall fidelity. Together, these results highlight the contribution of MTL circuitry to item-specific WM representation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.83365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T08:00:37Z","timestamp":1677744037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.83365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The entorhinal-DG\/CA3 pathway in the medial temporal lobe retains visual working memory of a simple surface feature"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-6496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","place":["Bethesda, United 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