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This is accomplished by tightly regulated transcriptional control of individual members of a large, multicopy gene family called\n                    <jats:italic>var<\/jats:italic>\n                    and is the key to both the virulence and chronic nature of malaria infections. Expression of\n                    <jats:italic>var<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes is mutually exclusive and controlled epigenetically, however how large populations of parasites coordinate\n                    <jats:italic>var<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene switching to avoid premature exposure of the antigenic repertoire is unknown. Here, we provide evidence for a transcriptional network anchored by a universally conserved gene called\n                    <jats:italic>var2csa<\/jats:italic>\n                    that coordinates the switching process. We describe a structured switching bias that shifts overtime and could shape the pattern of\n                    <jats:italic>var<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression over the course of a lengthy infection. Our results provide an explanation for a previously mysterious aspect of malaria infections and shed light on how parasites possessing a relatively small repertoire of variant antigen-encoding genes can coordinate switching events to limit antigen exposure, thereby maintaining chronic infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.83840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1671004817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.83840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A coordinated transcriptional switching network mediates antigenic variation of human malaria parasites"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2579-3820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Florini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E","family":"Visone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Lionardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mackensie R","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valay","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9183-2480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirk W","family":"Deitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W537","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky379","article-title":"The galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible and collaborative biomedical 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