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To further understand the identity of 7n-projecting preB\u00f6tC neurons, we used a combination of optogenetic viral transgenic approaches to demonstrate that selective photoinhibition of these neurons affects mystacial pad activity, with minimal effects on breathing. These effects are altered by the type of anesthetic employed and also between anesthetized and conscious states. The population of 7n-projecting preB\u00f6tC neurons we transduced consisted of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons that also send collaterals to multiple brainstem nuclei involved with the regulation of autonomic activity. We show that modulation of subgroups of preB\u00f6tC neurons, based on their axonal projections, is a useful strategy to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate and integrate breathing with different motor and physiological behaviors. This is of fundamental importance, given that abnormal respiratory modulation of autonomic activity and orofacial behaviors have been associated with the development and progression of diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.85398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T06:15:09Z","timestamp":1695968109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.85398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Selective transduction and photoinhibition of pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex neurons that project to the facial nucleus in rats affects nasofacial activity"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mariana R","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-7585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander D","family":"Wykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a2tac74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-4352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angela A","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet K","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-4756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shane D","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Biological Optical Microscopy Platform (BOMP) - 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