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Here, we demonstrate that B cells are not central mediators of PCOS pathology and that their frequencies are altered as a direct effect of androgen receptor activation. Hyperandrogenic women with PCOS have increased frequencies of age-associated double-negative B memory cells and increased levels of circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM). However, the transfer of serum IgG from women into wild-type female mice induces only an increase in body weight. Furthermore, RAG1 knockout mice, which lack mature T- and B cells, fail to develop any PCOS-like phenotype. In wild-type mice, co-treatment with flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, prevents not only the development of a PCOS-like phenotype but also alterations of B cell frequencies induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finally, B cell-deficient mice, when exposed to DHT, are not protected from developing a PCOS-like phenotype. These results urge further studies on B cell functions and their effects on autoimmune comorbidities highly prevalent among women with PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.86454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1687410974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.86454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The role of B cells in immune cell activation in polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Ascani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02n0bts35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz","place":["Graz, 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