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We now report that protection by\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    surprisingly extends beyond post-exponential growth to the exit from stationary phase when the\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    system is no longer turned on. Thus,\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be considered a constitutive protective factor. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in decreased ATP levels and growth, despite increased rates of respiration or fermentation at appropriate oxygen tensions, suggesting that \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells undergo a shift towards a hyperactive metabolic state in response to diminished metabolic efficiency. As expected from increased respiratory gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated more in the\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant than in wild-type cells, thereby explaining elevated susceptibility of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains to lethal H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    doses. Increased survival of wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells during H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure required\n                    <jats:italic>sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which detoxifies superoxide. Additionally, pretreatment of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    with respiration-reducing menadione protected \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells from killing by H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Thus, genetic deletion and pharmacologic experiments indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    helps control endogenous ROS, thereby providing resilience against exogenous ROS. The long-lived \u2018memory\u2019 of\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated protection, which is uncoupled from\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    activation kinetics, increased hematogenous dissemination to certain tissues during sepsis in ROS-producing, wild-type mice but not ROS-deficient (\n                    <jats:italic>Cybb<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mice. These results demonstrate the importance of protection that anticipates impending ROS-mediated immune attack. The ubiquity of quorum sensing suggests that it protects many bacterial species from oxidative damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.89098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T10:28:03Z","timestamp":1690367283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.89098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Quorum-sensing agr system of Staphylococcus aureus primes gene expression for protection from lethal oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6772-3697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Podkowik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Andrew I","family":"Perault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Putzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9651-5145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Pountain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Systems Genetics; 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