{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:43:16Z","timestamp":1788968596160,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009408","name":"Brain Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009408","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010231","name":"Banting Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012531","name":"Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dichotomy between the hypo- versus hyperkinetic nature of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and dystonia, respectively, is thought to be reflected in the underlying basal ganglia pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated differences in globus pallidus internus (GPi) neuronal activity, and short- and long-term plasticity of direct pathway projections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using microelectrode recording data collected from the GPi during deep brain stimulation surgery, we compared neuronal spiketrain features between people with PD and those with dystonia, as well as correlated neuronal features with respective clinical scores. Additionally, we characterized and compared readouts of short- and long-term synaptic plasticity using measures of inhibitory evoked field potentials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GPi neurons were slower, burstier, and less regular in dystonia. In PD, symptom severity positively correlated with the power of low-beta frequency spiketrain oscillations. In dystonia, symptom severity negatively correlated with firing rate and positively correlated with neuronal variability and the power of theta frequency spiketrain oscillations. Dystonia was moreover associated with less long-term plasticity and slower synaptic depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We substantiated claims of hyper- versus hypofunctional GPi output in PD versus dystonia, and provided cellular-level validation of the pathological nature of theta and low-beta oscillations in respective disorders. Such circuit changes may be underlain by disease-related differences in plasticity of striato-pallidal synapses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This project was made possible with the financial support of Health Canada through the Canada Brain Research Fund, an innovative partnership between the Government of Canada (through Health Canada) and Brain Canada, and of the Azrieli Foundation (LM), as well as a grant from the Banting Research Foundation in partnership with the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (LM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.90454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T11:49:39Z","timestamp":1700480979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.90454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Interrogating basal ganglia circuit function in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease and dystonia"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3840-5957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Srdjan","family":"Sumarac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Kiah A","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Leon A","family":"Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001w7jn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qv8yq19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edmond J. 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