{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:42:57Z","timestamp":1787568177107,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2131061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2131061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2147466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2147466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2147467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2147467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Global amphibian declines are compounded by deadly disease outbreaks caused by the chytrid fungus,\n                    <jats:italic>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Much has been learned about the roles of amphibian skin-produced antimicrobial components and microbiomes in controlling\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    , yet almost nothing is known about the roles of skin-resident immune cells in anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    defenses. Mammalian mast cells reside within and serve as key immune sentinels in barrier tissues like skin. Accordingly, we investigated the roles of\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    frog mast cells during\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. Our findings indicate that enrichment of\n                    <jats:italic>X. laevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    skin mast cells confers anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    protection and ameliorates the inflammation-associated skin damage caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. This includes a significant reduction in infiltration of\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected skin by neutrophils, promoting mucin content within cutaneous mucus glands, and preventing\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated changes to skin microbiomes. Mammalian mast cells are known for their production of the pleiotropic interleukin-4 (IL4) cytokine and our findings suggest that the\n                    <jats:italic>X. laevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    IL4 plays a key role in manifesting the effects seen following cutaneous mast cell enrichment. Together, this work underscores the importance of amphibian skin-resident immune cells in anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>\n                    defenses and illuminates a novel avenue for investigating amphibian host\u2013chytrid pathogen interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.92168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T18:23:25Z","timestamp":1703010205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.92168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Amphibian mast cells serve as barriers to chytrid fungus infections"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kelsey A","family":"Hauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4zzh67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University","place":["Washington, United 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