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A common approach is to search for natural compounds deployed by microbes to inhibit competitors. Here, we show that the iron-chelating pyoverdines, siderophores produced by environmental\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., have strong antibacterial properties by inducing iron starvation and growth arrest in pathogens. A screen of 320 natural\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates used against 12 human pathogens uncovered several pyoverdines with particularly high antibacterial properties and distinct chemical characteristics. The most potent pyoverdine effectively reduced growth of the pathogens\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a concentration- and iron-dependent manner. Pyoverdine increased survival of infected\n                    <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    host larvae and showed low toxicity for the host, mammalian cell lines, and erythrocytes. Furthermore, experimental evolution of pathogens combined with whole-genome sequencing revealed limited resistance evolution compared to an antibiotic. Thus, pyoverdines from environmental strains have the potential to become a new class of sustainable antibacterials against specific human pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.92493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T11:52:52Z","timestamp":1704714772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.92493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antimicrobial activity of iron-depriving pyoverdines against human opportunistic pathogens"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2920-3031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vera","family":"Vollenweider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich","place":["Zurich, 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