{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:31:15Z","timestamp":1787567475991,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01NS083815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS083815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["R01NS083815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS083815"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001595","name":"Dystonia Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006wb1h58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005270","name":"McKnight Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003ghvj67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The striatal direct and indirect pathways constitute the core for basal ganglia function in action control. Although both striatal D1- and D2-spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex, whether or not they share inputs from the same cortical neurons, and how pathway-specific corticostriatal projections control behavior remain largely unknown. Here using a G-deleted rabies system in mice, we found that more than two-thirds of excitatory inputs to D2-SPNs also target D1-SPNs, while only one-third do so vice versa. Optogenetic stimulation of striatal D1- vs. D2-SPN-projecting cortical neurons differently regulate locomotion, reinforcement learning, and sequence behavior, implying the functional dichotomy of pathway-specific corticostriatal subcircuits. These results reveal the partially segregated yet asymmetrically overlapping cortical projections on striatal D1- vs. D2-SPNs, and that the pathway-specific corticostriatal subcircuits distinctly control behavior. It has important implications in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases affecting cortico-basal ganglia circuitry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.92992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T11:13:08Z","timestamp":1701169988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.92992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Asymmetric cortical projections to striatal direct and indirect pathways distinctly control actions"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jason R","family":"Klug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7669-077X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xunyi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02n96ep67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Max D","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Osakada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6366-5267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edward M","family":"Callaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1106-4013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xez1567","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies","place":["La Jolla, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02n96ep67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vpsdb40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"NYU\u2013ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders","volume":"12","author":"Albin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49995","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An open cortico-basal ganglia loop allows limbic control over motor output via the nigrothalamic pathway","volume":"8","author":"Aoki","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06192.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intratelencephalic corticostriatal neurons equally excite striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons and their discharge activity is selectively reduced in experimental parkinsonism","volume":"27","author":"Ballion","year":"2008","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19640527.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia","volume":"196 (Pt 4)","author":"Bolam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.025","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pathway-specific feedforward circuits between thalamus and neocortex revealed by selective optical stimulation of axons","volume":"65","author":"Cruikshank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11846","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Concurrent activation of striatal direct and indirect pathways during action initiation","volume":"494","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2306-20.2021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Striatal direct pathway targets Npas1(+) pallidal neurons","volume":"41","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fractionating impulsivity: neuropsychiatric implications","volume":"18","author":"Dalley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90110-v","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin","volume":"13","author":"DeLong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optogenetic editing reveals the hierarchical organization of learned action sequences","volume":"174","author":"Geddes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2147780","type":"journal-article","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons","volume":"250","author":"Gerfen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802206-1.00001-5","type":"book-chapter","article-title":"The neuroanatomical organization of the basal ganglia","volume-title":"Handbook of Basal Ganglia Structure and Function","author":"Gerfen","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9817","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2707-07.2007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Targeting Cre recombinase to specific neuron populations with bacterial artificial chromosome constructs","volume":"27","author":"Gong","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3843","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires","volume":"70","author":"Graybiel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.1\/shaber","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Corticostriatal circuitry","volume":"18","author":"Haber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3844","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential roles of the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in visuomotor sequence learning","volume":"70","author":"Hikosaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.953","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Role of the basal ganglia in the control of purposive saccadic eye movements","volume":"80","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13876","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Direct and indirect pathways for choosing objects and actions","volume":"49","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09263","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Start\/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learning","volume":"466","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3632","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Basal ganglia subcircuits distinctively encode the parsing and concatenation of action sequences","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.06.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Shaping action sequences in basal ganglia circuits","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.35657","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential inputs to striatal cholinergic and parvalbumin interneurons imply functional distinctions","volume":"7","author":"Klug","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09159","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry","volume":"466","author":"Kravitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3100","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement","volume":"15","author":"Kravitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3397","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Convergent cortical innervation of striatal projection neurons","volume":"16","author":"Kress","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Parallel, but dissociable, processing in discrete corticostriatal inputs encodes skill learning","volume":"96","author":"Kupferschmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8289","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1990-04.2004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evidence for differential cortical input to direct pathway versus indirect pathway striatal projection neurons in rats","volume":"24","author":"Lei","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.87644","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multiple dynamic interactions from basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways mediate action selection","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3078","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A toolbox of Cre-dependent optogenetic transgenic mice for light-induced activation and silencing","volume":"15","author":"Madisen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.04.019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The striatum organizes 3D behavior via moment-to-moment action selection","volume":"174","author":"Markowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinct corticostriatal GABAergic neurons modulate striatal output neurons and motor activity","volume":"19","author":"Melzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(96)00042-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs","volume":"50","author":"Mink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.10.1365","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Basal Ganglia and involuntary movements: impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns","volume":"60","author":"Mink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.183","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SHANK proteins: roles at the synapse and in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"18","author":"Monteiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00939-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Corticospinal populations broadcast complex motor signals to coordinated spinal and striatal circuits","volume":"24","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.07.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New rabies virus variants for monitoring and manipulating activity and gene expression in defined neural circuits","volume":"71","author":"Osakada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2010.00147","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inputs to the dorsal striatum of the mouse reflect the parallel circuit architecture of the forebrain","volume":"4","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2915","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Redgrave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3469","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Corticostriatal connectivity and its role in disease","volume":"14","author":"Shepherd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.07.046","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Genetic-based dissection unveils the inputs and outputs of striatal patch and matrix compartments","volume":"91","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.05.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evolutionary conservation of the basal ganglia as a common vertebrate mechanism for action selection","volume":"21","author":"Stephenson-Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.631","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sequential organization of multiple movements: involvement of cortical motor areas","volume":"24","author":"Tanji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.06.032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complementary contributions of striatal projection pathways to action initiation and execution","volume":"166","author":"Tecuapetla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.03.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Where is cingulate cortex? a cross-species view","volume":"43","author":"van Heukelum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.02.036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Direct and indirect dorsolateral striatum pathways reinforce different action strategies","volume":"26","author":"Vicente","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0493-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cytoarchitecture of mouse and rat cingulate cortex with human homologies","volume":"219","author":"Vogt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Structure & Function"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.05.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential innervation of direct- and indirect-pathway striatal projection neurons","volume":"79","author":"Wall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1919","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt0854","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complementary corticostriatal circuits orchestrate action repetition and switching","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science Advances"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/92992\/elife-92992-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/92992\/elife-92992-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/92992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:17:25Z","timestamp":1787563045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/92992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.92992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.92992","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.10.02.560589","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.92992.4","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.92992.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.92992.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.92992.3","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP92992"}}