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Here, we quantify the relative importance of faculty hiring and faculty attrition for both past and future faculty gender diversity using comprehensive data on the training and employment of 268,769 tenured and tenure-track faculty rostered at 12,112U.S. PhD-granting departments, spanning 111 academic fields between 2011 and 2020. Over this time, we find that hiring had a far greater impact on women\u2019s representation among faculty than attrition in the majority (90.1%) of academic fields, even as academia loses a higher share of women faculty relative to men at every career stage. Finally, we model the impact of five specific policy interventions on women\u2019s representation, and project that eliminating attrition differences between women and men only leads to a marginal increase in women\u2019s overall representation\u2014in most fields, successful interventions will need to make substantial and sustained changes to hiring in order to reach gender parity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.93755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T09:25:43Z","timestamp":1704878743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.93755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gendered hiring and attrition on the path to parity for academic faculty"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4922-3358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"LaBerge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ttsq026","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado","place":["Boulder, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Hunter","family":"Wapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ttsq026","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado","place":["Boulder, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-8746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron","family":"Clauset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ttsq026","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado","place":["Boulder, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ttsq026","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado","place":["Boulder, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01arysc35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Santa Fe Institute","place":["Santa Fe, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5273-5234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel B","family":"Larremore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ttsq026","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado","place":["Boulder, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ttsq026","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado","place":["Boulder, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01arysc35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Santa Fe Institute","place":["Santa Fe, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","type":"web-resource","article-title":"Academic analytics research center list of available data elements","author":"Academic Analytics Research Center","year":"2021","unstructured":"Academic Analytics Research Center. 2021. 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