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However, controversies remain about the vermiform nature (i.e. elongated and tubular) of their ancestral body plan. We describe here\n                    <jats:italic>Beretella spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    gen. et sp. nov. a tiny (maximal length 3 mm) ecdysozoan from the lowermost Cambrian, Yanjiahe Formation, South China, characterized by an unusual sack-like appearance, single opening, and spiny ornament.\n                    <jats:italic>Beretella spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    gen. et sp. nov has no equivalent among animals, except\n                    <jats:italic>Saccorhytus coronarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    , also from the basal Cambrian. Phylogenetic analyses resolve both fossil species as a sister group (Saccorhytida) to all known Ecdysozoa, thus suggesting that ancestral ecdysozoans may have been non-vermiform animals. Saccorhytids are likely to represent an early off-shot along the stem-line Ecdysozoa. Although it became extinct during the Cambrian, this animal lineage provides precious insight into the early evolution of Ecdysozoa and the nature of the earliest representatives of the group.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.94709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T08:25:27Z","timestamp":1708331127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.94709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early evolution of the ecdysozoan body plan"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-9632","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z3td547","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments and Department of Geology, Northwest University","place":["Xi'an, 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