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Here, we addressed this conundrum using a Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4 knockout (KO) mouse and a knock-in (G369i KI) mouse expressing a non-conducting Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4. Surprisingly, Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    3 (T-type) Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    currents were detected in cones of G369i KI mice and Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4 KO mice but not in cones of wild-type mouse, ground squirrels, and macaque retina. Whereas Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4 KO mice are blind, G369i KI mice exhibit normal photopic (i.e. cone-mediated) visual behavior. Cone synapses, which fail to form in Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4 KO mice, are present, albeit enlarged, and with some errors in postsynaptic wiring in G369i KI mice. While Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4 KO mice lack evidence of cone synaptic responses, electrophysiological recordings in G369i KI mice revealed nominal transmission from cones to horizontal cells and bipolar cells. In CSNB2, we propose that Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    3 channels maintain cone synaptic output provided that the nonconducting role of Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.4 in cone synaptogenesis remains intact. Our findings reveal an unexpected form of homeostatic plasticity that relies on a non-canonical role of an ion channel.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.94908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T07:25:14Z","timestamp":1706858714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.94908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A non-conducting role of the Cav1.4 Ca2+ channel drives homeostatic plasticity at the cone photoreceptor synapse"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-2746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J Wesley","family":"Maddox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hj54h04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin","place":["Austin, United 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