{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:38:22Z","timestamp":1787567902023,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Discipline Program of Pudong New Area Health System","award":["PWZxk2022-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PWZxk2022-25"]}]},{"name":"Development and Application of Intelligent Epidemic Surveillance and Artificial Intelligence Analysis System","award":["21002411400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21002411400"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Three-year Action Plan to Strengthen the Construction of Public Health System","award":["GWVI-11.2-XD08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWVI-11.2-XD08"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GWVI-11.1-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWVI-11.1-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20214Y0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20214Y0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22ZR1414600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1414600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Health Talents Program of Shanghai Municipality","award":["2022YQ076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YQ076"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In many settings, a large fraction of the population has both been vaccinated against and infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, quantifying the protection provided by post-infection vaccination has become critical for policy. We aimed to estimate the protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of an additional vaccine dose after an initial Omicron variant infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a retrospective, population-based cohort study performed in Shanghai, China, using electronic databases with information on SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccination history. We compared reinfection incidence by post-infection vaccination status in individuals initially infected during the April\u2013May 2022 Omicron variant surge in Shanghai and who had been vaccinated before that period. Cox models were fit to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>275,896 individuals were diagnosed with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in April\u2013May 2022; 199,312\/275,896 were included in analyses on the effect of a post-infection vaccine dose. Post-infection vaccination provided protection against reinfection (aHR 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.79\u20130.85). For patients who had received one, two, or three vaccine doses before their first infection, hazard ratios for the post-infection vaccination effect were 0.84 (0.76\u20130.93), 0.87 (0.83\u20130.90), and 0.96 (0.74\u20131.23), respectively. Post-infection vaccination within 30 and 90 days before the second Omicron wave provided different degrees of protection (in aHR): 0.51 (0.44\u20130.58) and 0.67 (0.61\u20130.74), respectively. Moreover, for all vaccine types, but to different extents, a post-infection dose given to individuals who were fully vaccinated before first infection was protective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In previously vaccinated and infected individuals, an additional vaccine dose provided protection against Omicron variant reinfection. These observations will inform future policy decisions on COVID-19 vaccination in China and other countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was funded the Key Discipline Program of Pudong New Area Health System (PWZxk2022-25), the Development and Application of Intelligent Epidemic Surveillance and AI Analysis System (21002411400), the Shanghai Public Health System Construction (GWVI-11.2-XD08), the Shanghai Health Commission Key Disciplines (GWVI-11.1-02), the Shanghai Health Commission Clinical Research Program (20214Y0020), the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (22ZR1414600), and the Shanghai Young Health Talents Program (2022YQ076).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.94990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T13:25:10Z","timestamp":1714137910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.94990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protection afforded by post-infection SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses: A cohort study in Shanghai"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-6050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bronner P","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ks66431","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-5251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xueyao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0878-8942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Caoyi","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19623","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Association of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with risk of breakthrough infection following mRNA vaccination in Qatar","volume":"326","author":"Abu-Raddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2209306","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Protective effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection against omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants","volume":"387","author":"Altarawneh","year":"2022","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00801-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against the omicron variant and severe disease: a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"23","author":"Bobrovitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet. Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7032e1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reduced risk of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 vaccination - kentucky, May-June 2021","volume":"70","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100592","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of the outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China: A descriptive study","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2128435","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimation of disease burden and clinical severity of COVID-19 caused by Omicron BA.2 in Shanghai, February-June 2022","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes & Infections"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072141","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Waning of vaccine effectiveness against moderate and severe covid-19 among adults in the US from the VISION network: test negative, case-control study","volume":"379","author":"Ferdinands","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00103-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hybrid immunity against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 following a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children and adolescents: a target trial emulation","volume":"4","author":"Gazit","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet. Microbe"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4686","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Covid-19 transmission dynamics among close contacts of index patients with covid-19: a population-based cohort study in zhejiang province, China","volume":"181","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119497","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine after recovery from Covid-19","volume":"386","author":"Hammerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses","volume":"79","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02606-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2 variant infection, severe illness, and death","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37673-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among older adults in Shanghai: retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib14","first-page":"750","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relationship between antibody levels and SARS-Cov-2 reinfection","volume":"51","author":"Islamoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science"},{"key":"bib15","type":"web-resource","article-title":"No more free PCR tests in Shanghai from Sunday","author":"Jian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jian Y. 2023. No more free PCR tests in Shanghai from Sunday. https:\/\/www.shine.cn\/covid19\/2301064857\/ [Accessed January 20, 2024]."},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab159","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of human memory t-cell response according to the severity of illness up to 8 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"224","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.23917","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness associated with vaccination after covid-19 recovery in preventing reinfection","volume":"5","author":"Lewis","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04188-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"600","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201688","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fourth dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide setting","volume":"386","author":"Magen","year":"2022","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01053-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes with variants of concern in Ontario","volume":"7","author":"Nasreen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Microbiology"},{"key":"bib21","type":"web-resource","article-title":"Investigative criteria for suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (ICR)","author":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Division of Viral Diseases","year":"2020","unstructured":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Division of Viral Diseases. 2020. Investigative criteria for suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (ICR). https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/96072 [Accessed August 7, 2023]."},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection during periods of Alpha, Delta, or Omicron dominance: A Danish nationwide study","volume":"19","author":"Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00129-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Beijing during 2022: an epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis","volume":"401","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01185-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in children aged 5-11 years in Italy: a retrospective analysis of January-April, 2022","volume":"400","author":"Sacco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27281","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics of cases with reinfection, recurrence, and hospital readmission due to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Sotoodeh Ghorbani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106106","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prognostic impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: A propensity score matching comparative study","volume":"94","author":"Ueno","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04411-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa","volume":"603","author":"Viana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.781161","type":"journal-article","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among chinese population: a large-scale national study","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"bib29","type":"web-resource","article-title":"Pudong new area builds full-coverage medical service chain","author":"Xinguang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xinguang T. 2017. Pudong new area builds full-coverage medical service chain. https:\/\/enshanghaiacademy.shu.edu.cn\/info\/1013\/2339.htm [Accessed August 7, 2023]."},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.07.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fighting Omicron epidemic in China: Real-world big data from Fangcang shelter hospital during the outbreak in Shanghai 2022","volume":"85","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00101-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BNT162b2 vaccine protection against omicron and effect of previous infection variant and vaccination sequence among children and adolescents in Singapore: a population-based cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Yung","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00838-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Shanghai\u2019s life-saving efforts against the current omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"399","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2191738","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of National Omicron Outbreak at the end of 2022 on the future outlook of COVID-19 in China","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes & Infections"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28138","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages, immune escape, and vaccine effectivity","volume":"95","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"dataset1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.rfj6q57ks","type":"dataset","article-title":"COVID-19 reinfection data on individuals diagnosed with their first SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume-title":"Dryad Digital Repository","author":"Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao Y, Zheng B. 2024. COVID-19 reinfection data on individuals diagnosed with their first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dryad Digital Repository."}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/94990\/elife-94990-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/94990\/elife-94990-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/94990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:55:11Z","timestamp":1787565311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/94990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.94990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.94990","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.01.09.24301069","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.94990.3","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.94990.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.94990.2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5061\/dryad.rfj6q57ks","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP94990"}}