{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:38:33Z","timestamp":1790995113553,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CV20-99908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CV20-99908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that displays great variability in clinical phenotype. Many factors have been described to be correlated with its severity, and microbiota could play a key role in the infection, progression, and outcome of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with nasopharyngeal and gut dysbiosis and higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens. To identify new prognostic markers for the disease, a multicentre prospective observational cohort study was carried out in COVID-19 patients divided into three cohorts based on symptomatology: mild (n = 24), moderate (n = 51), and severe\/critical (n = 31). Faecal and nasopharyngeal samples were taken, and the microbiota was analysed. Linear discriminant analysis identified\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma salivarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella dentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    as biomarkers of severe COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal microbiota, while\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella bivia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were defined in faecal microbiota. Additionally, a connection between faecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota was identified, with a significant ratio between\n                    <jats:italic>P. timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (faeces) and\n                    <jats:italic>P. dentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. salivarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (nasopharyngeal) abundances found in critically ill patients. This ratio could serve as a novel prognostic tool for identifying severe COVID-19 cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.95292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T19:25:09Z","timestamp":1711481109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.95292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The relationship between gut and nasopharyngeal microbiome composition can predict the severity of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Benita","family":"Martin-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Salud Las Gabias, Distrito Granada-Metropolitano","place":["Granada, Spain"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026yy9j15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA)","place":["Granada, 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