{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:27:35Z","timestamp":1787567255525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["STARS Grants, LRRKing-Role of the Parkinson\u2019s disease kinase LRRK2 in shaping neurites and synapses"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STARS Grants, LRRKing-Role of the Parkinson\u2019s disease kinase LRRK2 in shaping neurites and synapses"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["STARS Grants, LRRKing-Role of the Parkinson\u2019s disease kinase LRRK2 in shaping neurites and synapses"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STARS Grants, LRRKing-Role of the Parkinson\u2019s disease kinase LRRK2 in shaping neurites and synapses"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R21AG089563-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AG089563-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["1R21AG089563-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AG089563-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01NS097901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS097901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["R01NS097901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS097901"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Research","award":["European Union \u2013 NextGenerationEU (NRRP, Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1 \u2013 PRIN, Project 20222LRHCW, CUP C53D23005560006)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Union \u2013 NextGenerationEU (NRRP, Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1 \u2013 PRIN, Project 20222LRHCW, CUP C53D23005560006)"]}]},{"name":"UK Research Institute Future Leader Fellowship","award":["MR\/T041129\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T041129\/1"]}]},{"award":["MR\/T041129\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T041129\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001aqnf71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a multisystemic disorder that manifests through motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor dysfunction results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Increasing evidence suggests that synapse dysfunction precedes neuronal loss by years. Still, early synaptic alterations in PD remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate literature meta-analysis and multi-omics with biochemical, imaging, and electrophysiological measurements in\n                    <jats:italic>Lrrk2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse models and human iPSC-derived neurons lacking LRRK2. We demonstrate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activates LRRK2 in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and primary mouse neurons, reshaping the LRRK2 interactome toward a network of actin cytoskeleton-related proteins. Gene-ontology analyses of both literature-curated LRRK2 interactors and phospho-proteome from striatal tissues with elevated LRRK2 activity highlight synapse-actin remodeling as major affected pathways. We further observed that loss of LRRK2 impairs BDNF signaling and alters postsynaptic density architecture. Young\n                    <jats:italic>Lrrk2<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mice display structural alterations in dendritic protrusions, a phenotype that normalizes with age. In human iPSC-derived neurons, LRRK2 knockout affects maturation and BDNF-dependent regulation of spontaneous synaptic activity. Taken together, our study discloses a critical role of LRRK2 in BDNF-dependent synaptic modulation and identifies the synaptic actin cytoskeleton as a convergent site of LRRK2-associated pathophysiological processes in PD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.95987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T11:25:40Z","timestamp":1712661940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.95987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LRRK2 regulates synaptic function through modulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0683-8050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulia","family":"Tombesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Kompella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building","place":["Cardiff, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building","place":["Cardiff, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Favetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-5173","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000e0be47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4376-4369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Ornaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001w7jn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Biochemistry, Charit\u00e9 Universitatsmedizin Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046ak2485","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Morosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Sevegnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05trd4x28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"CIBIO, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05trd4x28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"CIBIO, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9842-2663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonella","family":"Marte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0107c5v14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova","place":["Genova, Italy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02skabv63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5561-6804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Iannotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Plotegher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Civiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njebb69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital","place":["Venice, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5595-0036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franco","family":"Onofri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0107c5v14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova","place":["Genova, Italy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02skabv63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Britta J","family":"Eickholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001w7jn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Biochemistry, Charit\u00e9 Universitatsmedizin Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05trd4x28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"CIBIO, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-8354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dayne","family":"Beccano-Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building","place":["Cardiff, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building","place":["Cardiff, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Manzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-4200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Loukia","family":"Parisiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000e0be47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8172-3598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"Greggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njebb69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital","place":["Venice, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1039\/d0mo00087f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Guide for protein fold change and p-value calculation for non-experts in proteomics","volume":"16","author":"Aguilan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Omics"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-030122-051144","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinases","volume":"93","author":"Alessi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22137","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Drebrin a knockout eliminates the rapid form of homeostatic synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses of intact adult cerebral cortex","volume":"517","author":"Aoki","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.158196","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 functions in synaptic vesicle endocytosis through a kinase-dependent mechanism","volume":"128","author":"Arranz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4601-04.2005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the establishment of the proper number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta","volume":"25","author":"Baquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00254","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BDNF signaling and survival of striatal neurons","volume":"8","author":"Baydyuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4565-11.2012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Afadin, a Ras\/Rap effector that controls cadherin function, promotes spine and excitatory synapse density in the hippocampus","volume":"32","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00301","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synaptic function is modulated by LRRK2 and glutamate release is increased in cortical neurons of G2019S LRRK2 knock-in mice","volume":"8","author":"Beccano-Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu543","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 overexpression alters glutamatergic presynaptic plasticity, striatal dopamine tone, postsynaptic signal transduction, motor activity and memory","volume":"24","author":"Beccano-Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107044","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Calcium dysregulation combined with mitochondrial failure and electrophysiological maturity converge in Parkinson\u2019s iPSC-dopamine neurons","volume":"26","author":"Beccano-Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00330","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The end is the beginning: Parkinson\u2019s disease in the light of brain imaging","volume":"9","author":"Bellucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0066-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 phosphorylates pre-synaptic N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion (NSF) protein enhancing its ATPase activity and SNARE complex disassembling rate","volume":"11","author":"Belluzzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2021.102354","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generation of fourteen isogenic cell lines for Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK2)","volume":"53","author":"Beylina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-8-102","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic and redundant regulation of LRRK2 and LRRK1 expression","volume":"8","author":"Biskup","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.02.061","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increased LRRK2 kinase activity alters neuronal autophagy by disrupting the axonal transport of autophagosomes","volume":"31","author":"Boecker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Parkinson sac domain mutation in synaptojanin 1 impairs clathrin uncoating at synapses and triggers dystrophic changes in dopaminergic axons","volume":"93","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16140","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.234005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rac1 protein rescues neurite retraction caused by G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)","volume":"286","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58997","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pathway-specific dysregulation of striatal excitatory synapses by LRRK2 mutations","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1537119","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synapses-associated research in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an explored trends analysis","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03030-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 mediates haloperidol-induced changes in indirect pathway striatal projection neurons","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.08.28.672006","type":"preprint","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 impairs the release sites of parkinson\u2019s disease vulnerable dopamine axons","volume-title":"bioRxiv","author":"Chen","year":"2025"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg7492","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accurate proteome-wide missense variant effect prediction with AlphaMissense","volume":"381","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6827","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phosphorylation of LRRK2 by casein kinase 1\u03b1 regulates trans-golgi clustering via differential interaction with ARHGEF7","volume":"5","author":"Chia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.01.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dendritic spines: Revisiting the physiological role","volume":"92","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201487807","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 regulates Sec16A at ER exit sites to allow ER-Golgi export","volume":"33","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2014.00049","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 kinase activity regulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release through modulation of LRRK2 macro-molecular complex","volume":"7","author":"Cirnaru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20180469","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of LRRK2 in cytoskeletal dynamics","volume":"46","author":"Civiero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147781","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Roc domain of LRRK2 as a hub for protein-protein interactions: a focus on PAK6 and its impact on RAB phosphorylation","volume":"1778","author":"Cogo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0564-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 pathways leading to neurodegeneration","volume":"15","author":"Cookson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202307092","type":"journal-article","article-title":"RAB3 phosphorylation by pathogenic LRRK2 impairs trafficking of synaptic vesicle precursors","volume":"223","author":"Dou","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20100784","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity leads to dephosphorylation of Ser910\/Ser935, disruption of 14-3-3 binding and altered cytoplasmic localization","volume":"430","author":"Dzamko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039132","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The IkappaB kinase family phosphorylates the Parkinson\u2019s disease kinase LRRK2 at Ser935 and Ser910 during toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"7","author":"Dzamko","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750991.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sequential treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor gives rise to fully differentiated, neurotrophic factor-dependent, human neuron-like cells","volume":"75","author":"Encinas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.31.20170039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinctive roles of Rac1 and Rab29 in LRRK2 mediated membrane trafficking and neurite outgrowth","volume":"32","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0173(02)00158-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dendritic spine pathology: cause or consequence of neurological disorders?","volume":"39","author":"Fiala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.101035","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Gaertner","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Age-dependent dopaminergic neurodegeneration and impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in LRRK-deficient mice","volume":"96","author":"Giaime","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04059-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disruption of mitochondrial complex I induces progressive parkinsonism","volume":"599","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20090007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutations and Parkinson\u2019s disease: three questions","volume":"1","author":"Greggio","year":"2009","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2317833121","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s-linked LRRK2-G2019S derails AMPAR trafficking, mobility, and composition in striatum with cell-type and subunit specificity","volume":"121","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19784","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rho GTPase complementation underlies BDNF-dependent homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity","volume":"538","author":"Hedrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0140-22.2022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Motor impairments and dopaminergic defects caused by loss of leucine-rich repeat kinase function in mice","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/350230a0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra","volume":"350","author":"Hyman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112344","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Divergent effects of G2019S and R1441C LRRK2 mutations on LRRK2 and Rab10 phosphorylations in mouse tissues","volume":"9","author":"Iannotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20210013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 signaling in neurodegeneration: two decades of progress","volume":"65","author":"Iannotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Essays in Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1381","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cyclic AMP controls BDNF-induced TrkB phosphorylation and dendritic spine formation in mature hippocampal neurons","volume":"8","author":"Ji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.92673","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell-autonomous role of leucine-rich repeat kinase in the protection of dopaminergic neuron survival","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2014.00005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The BDNF effects on dendritic spines of mature hippocampal neurons depend on neuronal activity","volume":"6","author":"Kellner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718946115","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regulation of myeloid cell phagocytosis by LRRK2 via WAVE2 complex stabilization is altered in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2022.2082937","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2): an update on the potential therapeutic target for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Kluss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2017.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of drebrin in dendritic spines","volume":"84","author":"Koganezawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3486","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of dendrite stability","volume":"14","author":"Koleske","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SynGO: an evidence-based, expert-curated knowledge base for the synapse","volume":"103","author":"Koopmans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt192","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Kordower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3237","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TrkB phosphorylation by Cdk5 is required for activity-dependent structural plasticity and spatial memory","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.JPROTEOME.5B00981","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accounting for the multiple natures of missing values in label-free quantitative proteomics data sets to compare imputation strategies","volume":"15","author":"Lazar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Proteome Research"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/35009107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Experience-dependent plasticity of dendritic spines in the developing rat barrel cortex in vivo","volume":"404","author":"Lendvai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.14.24319455","type":"preprint","article-title":"Novel Parkinson\u2019s Disease Genetic Risk Factors within and across European Populations","volume-title":"medRxiv","author":"Leonard","year":"2025"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.11.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lrrk2 S1647T and BDNF V66M interact with environmental factors to increase risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2113","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The kinase LRRK2 is a regulator of the transcription factor NFAT that modulates the severity of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.09.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genetic polymorphism greatly increases risk of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2017.00005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Endogenous leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 slows synaptic vesicle recycling in striatal neurons","volume":"9","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.778","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Computational analysis of the LRRK2 interactome","volume":"3","author":"Manzoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00527","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 phosphorylation, more than an epiphenomenon","volume":"14","author":"Marchand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14778","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 phosphorylation on synapsin I regulates glutamate release at pre-synaptic sites","volume":"150","author":"Marte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.943627","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel method for generating glutamatergic SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells utilizing B-27 supplement","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20253351","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 and the fragile synapse: a molecular prelude to Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"482","author":"Masotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7128","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3314-15.2016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Altered development of synapse structure and function in striatum caused by Parkinson\u2019s disease-linked LRRK2-G2019S mutation","volume":"36","author":"Matikainen-Ankney","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M110.001172","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A QUICK screen for Lrrk2 interaction partners \u2013 leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics","volume":"10","author":"Meixner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular & Cellular Proteomics"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.08.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Early synaptic pathophysiology in neurodegeneration: insights from Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Milnerwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.564106","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dopamine D1 and glutamate receptors co-operate with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB to modulate ERK signaling in adult striatal slices","volume":"14","author":"Morella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E34","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312701111","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Parkinson-related LRRK2 mutation R1441C\/G\/H impairs PKA phosphorylation of LRRK2 and disrupts its interaction with 14-3-3","volume":"111","author":"Muda","year":"2014","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00099-X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Implication of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the release of dopamine and dopamine-related behaviors induced by methamphetamine","volume":"119","author":"Narita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105070","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Abrogation of LRRK2 dependent Rab10 phosphorylation with TLR4 activation and alterations in evoked cytokine release in immune cells","volume":"147","author":"Nazish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochemistry International"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13010053","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential LRRK2 signalling and gene expression in WT-LRRK2 and G2019S-LRRK2 mouse microglia treated with zymosan and MLi2","volume":"13","author":"Nazish","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5576","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717590115","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 phosphorylation of auxilin mediates synaptic defects in dopaminergic neurons from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20100483","type":"journal-article","article-title":"14-3-3 binding to LRRK2 is disrupted by multiple Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated mutations and regulates cytoplasmic localization","volume":"430","author":"Nichols","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20200930","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of a multiplexed targeted mass spectrometry assay for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rabs and Ser910\/Ser935 biomarker sites","volume":"478","author":"Nirujogi","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-25.237","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BDNF function and intracellular signaling in neurons","volume":"25","author":"Numakawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Histology and Histopathology"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Pais\u00e1n-Ru\u00edz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3636","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 regulates synaptogenesis and dopamine receptor activation through modulation of PKA activity","volume":"17","author":"Parisiadou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3730-10.2011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 controls synaptic vesicle storage and mobilization within the recycling pool","volume":"31","author":"Piccoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00914-13","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 binds to neuronal vesicles through protein interactions mediated by its C-terminal WD40 domain","volume":"34","author":"Piccoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0932-8_24\/FIGURES\/1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synaptic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"970","author":"Picconi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/JNC.15240","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 at the pre-synaptic site: a 16-years perspective","volume":"157","author":"Pischedda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.10.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1704","author":"Rahmani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179082","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Role of LRRK2 in the regulation of dopamine receptor trafficking","volume":"12","author":"Rassu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W191","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz369","type":"journal-article","article-title":"g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update)","volume":"47","author":"Raudvere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107591","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid Golgi analysis method for efficient and unbiased classification of dendritic spines","volume":"9","author":"Risher","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.11.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induces a shift of drebrin distribution: disappearance from dendritic spines and appearance in dendritic shafts","volume":"31","author":"Sekino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphg.52","type":"journal-article","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated fluorescent tagging of endogenous proteins in human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"96","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Protocols in Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cerebral cortex neurons and neural networks","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13988","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of drebrin in neurons","volume":"141","author":"Shirao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.10.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and BDNF serum levels","volume":"51","author":"Siuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska"},{"key":"bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010169","type":"journal-article","article-title":"LRRK2 at striatal synapses: cell-type specificity and mechanistic insights","volume":"11","author":"Skelton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A LRRK2-dependent endophilina phosphoswitch is critical for macroautophagy at presynaptic terminals","volume":"92","author":"Soukup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201898960","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: convergence on synaptic homeostasis","volume":"37","author":"Soukup","year":"2018","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9696","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0876-16.2016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Arp2\/3 complex is essential for distinct stages of spine synapse maturation, including synapse unsilencing","volume":"36","author":"Spence","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2032324100","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Protein complexes and functional modules in molecular networks","volume":"100","author":"Spirin","year":"2003","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/NRN.2016.178","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease","volume":"18","author":"Surmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150769","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retrograde axonal degeneration in Parkinson disease","volume":"6","author":"Tagliaferro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6586","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-16-06586.2003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Drebrin-dependent actin clustering in dendritic filopodia governs synaptic targeting of postsynaptic density-95 and dendritic spine morphogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Takahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5236.593","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity","volume":"270","author":"Thoenen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201700444","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative protein interaction network analysis identifies shared and distinct functions for the human ROCO proteins","volume":"18","author":"Tomkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14622","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906334106","type":"journal-article","article-title":"R1441C mutation in LRRK2 impairs dopaminergic neurotransmission in mice","volume":"106","author":"Tong","year":"2009","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1038\/NPROT.2016.136","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The MaxQuant computational platform for mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics","volume":"11","author":"Tyanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202409104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synaptic sabotage: how tau and \u03b1-synuclein undermine synaptic health","volume":"224","author":"Uytterhoeven","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28377","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Initial elevations in glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission decline with age, as does exploratory behavior, in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice","volume":"6","author":"Volta","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13305","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cellular processes associated with LRRK2 function and dysfunction","volume":"282","author":"Wallings","year":"2015","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"key":"bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.10.062","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Developmental regulation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 and 2 expression in the brain and other rodent and human organs: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"152","author":"Westerlund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42652","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity in mice deficient in the actin-binding protein Drebrin","volume":"7","author":"Willmes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201303005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Drebrin contains a cryptic F-actin-bundling activity regulated by Cdk5 phosphorylation","volume":"202","author":"Worth","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04136-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"R1441C and G2019S LRRK2 knockin mice have distinct striatal molecular, physiological, and behavioral alterations","volume":"5","author":"Xenias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.05.029","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Form follows function: BDNF and its involvement in sculpting the function and structure of synapses","volume":"76 Pt C","author":"Zagrebelsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FNANA.2016.00038\/BIBTEX","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Golgi-cox staining step by step","volume":"10","author":"Zaqout","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010847","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tissue specific LRRK2 interactomes reveal a distinct striatal functional unit","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00761-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcriptomics and weighted protein network analyses of the LRRK2 protein interactome reveal distinct molecular signatures for sporadic and LRRK2 Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter binding correlates with serum BDNF levels in patients with striatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"33","author":"Ziebell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.11.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology","volume":"44","author":"Zimprich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"dataset1","type":"dataset","article-title":"Novel Parkinson\u2019s Disease Genetic Risk Factors Within and Across European Populations","volume-title":"GitHub","author":"Makarious","year":"2025","unstructured":"Makarious MB, Leonard H, Nalls MA. 2025. Novel Parkinson\u2019s Disease Genetic Risk Factors Within and Across European Populations. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/GP2code\/GP2-EUR-metaGWAS. GP2-EUR-metaGWAS."}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/95987\/elife-95987-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/95987\/elife-95987-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/95987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:56:45Z","timestamp":1787561805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/95987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":121,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.95987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.95987","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.10.31.514622","asserted-by":"subject"}],"references":[{"id-type":"accession","id":"GP2-EUR-metaGWAS","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.95987.4","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.95987.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.95987.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.95987.3","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP95987"}}