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The progression of T1DM is significantly influenced by oxidative stress and apoptosis. The natural compound eugenol (EUG) possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the potential effects of EUG on T1DM had not been investigated. In this study, we established the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM mouse model in vivo and STZ-induced pancreatic \u03b2 cell MIN6 cell model in vitro to investigate the protective effects of EUG on T1DM, and tried to elucidate its potential mechanism. Our findings demonstrated that the intervention of EUG could effectively induce the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), leading to an up-regulation in the expressions of downstream proteins NQO1 and HMOX1, which are regulated by NRF2. Moreover, this intervention exhibited a significant amelioration in pancreatic \u03b2 cell damage associated with T1DM, accompanied by an elevation in insulin secretion and a reduction in the expression levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related markers. Furthermore, ML385, an NRF2 inhibitor, reversed these effects of EUG. The present study suggested that EUG exerted protective effects on pancreatic \u03b2 cells in T1DM by attenuating apoptosis and oxidative stress through the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. Consequently, EUG holds great promise as a potential therapeutic candidate for T1DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.96600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T12:25:25Z","timestamp":1716985525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.96600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yalan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0156rhd17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, 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