{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:54:28Z","timestamp":1792223668358,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.35802\/206480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.35802\/206480"],"id":[{"id":"10.35802\/206480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ireland's Research Frontiers","award":["19\/FFP\/6418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/FFP\/6418"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-H2020-HABIT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-H2020-HABIT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the current study, we explored the behavioural and cognitive correlates of the transdiagnostic trait \u2018compulsive behaviour and intrusive thought\u2019 (CIT) in humans. CIT is associated with impaired metacognition, which in turn has been associated with cognitive offloading behaviours such as external reminder setting that play a key role in fulfilling cognitive goals. In an online study (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    =600), we investigated individual differences in compulsivity, metacognition, and external reminder usage. Compulsive individuals had reduced preference for external reminders. This was partially, but not fully, attributable to their relative overconfidence. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence for an impaired confidence-action link: compulsive individuals used their metacognition to guide offloading just as much as their non-compulsive counterparts. Given the compensatory nature of cognitive offloading, our findings imply that compulsive individuals are at increased risk of inadequate external memory support. Along with transdiagnostic variation in the general population, this finding could also have implications for clinical conditions, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.98114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T13:27:05Z","timestamp":1722259625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.98114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transdiagnostic compulsivity is associated with reduced reminder setting, only partially attributable to overconfidence"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6913-5099","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annika","family":"Boldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1740-3765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Celine Ann","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02tyrky19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin","place":["Dublin, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9065-403X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claire M","family":"Gillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02tyrky19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin","place":["Dublin, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3839-7045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sam","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02815","type":"journal-article","article-title":"effectsize: estimation of effect size indices and standardized parameters","volume":"5","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-022-00009-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Psychiatrically relevant signatures of domain-general decision-making and metacognition in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Benwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Mental Health Research"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-019-0195-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Confidence guides spontaneous cognitive offloading","volume":"4","author":"Boldt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognitive Research"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1326-21.2022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Partially overlapping neural correlates of metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control","volume":"42","author":"Boldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib6","type":"software","article-title":"Pwr: basic functions for power analysis","volume-title":"R Package","author":"Champely","year":"2020","unstructured":"Champely S. 2020. Pwr: basic functions for power analysis. R Package. 1.3-0. https:\/\/github.com\/heliosdrm\/pwr."},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2014.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The international cognitive ability resource: development and initial validation of a public-domain measure","volume":"43","author":"Condon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210244000027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire (PRMQ): normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample","volume":"11","author":"Crawford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions","volume":"88","author":"Dalgleish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01773-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transdiagnostic phenotypes of compulsive behavior and associations with psychological, cognitive, and neurobiological affective processing","volume":"12","author":"Den Ouden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Value-based routing of delayed intentions into brain-based versus external memory stores","volume":"152","author":"Dupont","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. General"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: a clinical review","volume":"31","author":"Egan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240858","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The effect of metacognitive training on confidence and strategic reminder setting","volume":"15","author":"Engeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The obsessive-compulsive inventory: development and validation of a short version","volume":"14","author":"Foa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.87193","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An observational treatment study of metacognition in anxious-depression","volume":"12","author":"Fox","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64900-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reliable, rapid, and remote measurement of metacognitive bias","volume":"14","author":"Fox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700049163","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates","volume":"12","author":"Garner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.01.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Strategic use of reminders: influence of both domain-general and task-specific metacognitive confidence, independent of objective memory ability","volume":"33","author":"Gilbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000652","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal use of reminders: metacognition, effort, and cognitive offloading","volume":"149","author":"Gilbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. General"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02139-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Outsourcing memory to external tools: a review of \u201cintention offloading\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Gilbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11305","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal-directed control","volume":"5","author":"Gillan","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.06.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of working memory in compulsive checking and OCD: A systematic classification of 58 experimental findings","volume":"31","author":"Harkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.27.2.84","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evidence of impaired event-based prospective memory in clinical obsessive\u2013compulsive checking","volume":"27","author":"Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198528883.001.0001","type":"web-resource","article-title":"Cognitive Behavioural Processes across Psychological Disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment","author":"Harvey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harvey A. 2025. Cognitive Behavioural Processes across Psychological Disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198528883.001.0001 [Accessed May 16, 2025]."},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/q83sh","type":"preprint","article-title":"Optimising the Measurement of Anxious-Depressive, Compulsivity and Intrusive Thought and Social Withdrawal Transdiagnostic Symptom Dimensions","volume-title":"PsyArXiv","author":"Hopkins","year":"2022"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0602-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Abnormalities of confidence in psychiatry: an overview and future perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Hoven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00062-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How do confidence and self-beliefs relate in psychopathology: a transdiagnostic approach","volume":"1","author":"Hoven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/37nad","type":"preprint","article-title":"OCD patients show lower confidence and higher error sensitivity while learning under volatility compared to healthy and highly compulsive samples from the general population","volume-title":"PsyArXiv","author":"Hoven","year":"2023"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7933","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172300209X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differences in metacognitive functioning between obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and highly compulsive individuals from the general population","volume":"53","author":"Hoven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000704","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Preserving prospective memory in daily life: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mnemonic strategy, cognitive training, external memory aid, and combination interventions","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043688","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information","volume":"55","author":"Kirchner","year":"1958","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021820970156","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Trait anxiety does not correlate with metacognitive confidence or reminder usage in a delayed intentions task","volume":"74","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26775\/ODP.2016.07.11","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ICAR5: design and validation of a 5-item public domain cognitive ability test","volume":"01","author":"Kirkegaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Differential Psychology"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","type":"journal-article","article-title":"lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"quickpsy: an R package to fit psychometric functions for multiple groups","volume":"8","author":"Linares","year":"2016","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/qkf7j","type":"preprint","article-title":"Consistency within change: evaluating the psychometric properties of a widely-used predictive-inference task","volume-title":"PsyArXiv","author":"Loosen","year":"2022"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(91)90040-v","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the apathy evaluation scale","volume":"38","author":"Marin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13628","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"63","author":"Marzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03065-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Information search under uncertainty across transdiagnostic psychopathology and healthy ageing","volume":"14","author":"Mohr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20279","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Body checking in the eating disorders: associations between cognitions and behaviors","volume":"39","author":"Mountford","year":"2006","journal-title":"The International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2010.493147","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An experimental study of prospective memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"33","author":"Racsmany","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"bib43","type":"software","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2024","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. 2024. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org."},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.07.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cognitive offloading","volume":"20","author":"Risko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.12.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Psychiatric symptom dimensions are associated with dissociable shifts in metacognition but not task performance","volume":"84","author":"Rouault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib46","type":"software","article-title":"RStudio: integrated development for R","volume-title":"RStudio","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2020","unstructured":"RStudio Team. 2020. RStudio: integrated development for R. RStudio. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com."},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2020.103024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Excessive use of reminders: metacognition and effort-minimisation in cognitive offloading","volume":"85","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10040251","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Building, hosting and recruiting: a brief introduction to running behavioral experiments online","volume":"10","author":"Sauter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2020.1764974","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The effect of recent reminder setting on subsequent strategy and performance in a prospective memory task","volume":"28","author":"Scarampi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17551","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using smartphone technology to improve prospective memory functioning: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Scullin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59646-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transdiagnostic phenotyping reveals a host of metacognitive deficits implicated in compulsivity","volume":"10","author":"Seow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01642-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assigning the right credit to the wrong action: compulsivity in the general population is associated with augmented outcome-irrelevant value-based learning","volume":"11","author":"Shahar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib53","type":"software","article-title":"Diagram: functions for visualising simple graphs (networks), plotting flow diagrams","volume-title":"R Package","author":"Soetaert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soetaert K. 2020. Diagram: functions for visualising simple graphs (networks), plotting flow diagrams. R Package. 1.6.5. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=diagram."},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/zp6vk","type":"preprint","article-title":"Impaired goal-directed planning in transdiagnostic compulsivity is explained by uncertainty about learned task structure","volume-title":"PsyArXiv","author":"Sookud","year":"2024"},{"key":"bib55","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983","type":"book"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2011.567243","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functions of compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"45","author":"Starcevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.12.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Testing a maintenance model for eating disorders in a sample seeking treatment at a tertiary care center: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"52","author":"Tasca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib58","type":"software","article-title":"Mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis","volume-title":"Journal of Statistical Software","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tingley D, Yamamoto T, Hirose K, Keele I, Imai K. 2014. Mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis. Journal of Statistical Software. http:\/\/www.jstatsoft.org\/v59\/i05\/."},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(00)00064-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Memory and memory confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"39","author":"Tolin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Compulsivity reveals a novel dissociation between action and confidence","volume":"96","author":"Vaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v040.i01","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The split-apply-combine strategy for data analysis","volume":"40","author":"Wickham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17977-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Associations between aversive learning processes and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms in a general population sample","volume":"11","author":"Wise","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.09.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identifying transdiagnostic mechanisms in mental health using computational factor modeling","volume":"93","author":"Wise","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A self-rating depression scale","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1965","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"dataset1","type":"dataset","article-title":"Compulsivity, confidence and reminder setting","volume-title":"Open Science Framework","author":"Boldt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boldt A, Fox CA, Gillan C, Gilbert S. 2025. Compulsivity, confidence and reminder setting. Open Science Framework. https:\/\/osf.io\/b9rxz\/. b9rxz."}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/98114\/elife-98114-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/98114\/elife-98114-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/98114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:36:09Z","timestamp":1787564169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/98114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.98114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.98114","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31234\/osf.io\/gf7mr","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.98114.4","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.98114.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.98114.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.98114.3","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-financed-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.35802\/206480","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.35802\/206480","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"accession","id":"b9rxz","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP98114"}}