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The synaptic ribbon tethers synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ) and may act as a super-scaffold organizing AZ topography. Here, we employed a synthetic biology approach to reconstitute structures mimicking ribbon-type AZs in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells for probing minimal molecular requirements and studying presynaptic Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channel clustering. Co-expressing a membrane-targeted version of the AZ protein Bassoon and the ribbon core protein RIBEYE, we observed structures recapitulating basic aspects of ribbon-type AZs, which we call\n                    <jats:italic>synthetic<\/jats:italic>\n                    ribbons or\n                    <jats:italic>SyRibbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and cryo-correlative electron tomography revealed\n                    <jats:italic>SyRibbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    were similar to native ribbons at AZs of cochlear inner hair cells in shape and size.\n                    <jats:italic>SyRibbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    with Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channel clusters formed upon additional expression of Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.3 Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channels and RIM-binding protein 2 (RBP2). Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.3 Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channel clusters associated with\n                    <jats:italic>SyRibbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    were larger than ribbonless Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.3 Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channel clusters, and functional analysis by Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    imaging in combination with patch clamp showed partial confinement of the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    signal at\n                    <jats:italic>SyRibbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In summary, we identify Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channels, RBP, membrane-anchored Bassoon, and RIBEYE as minimal components for reconstituting a basic ribbon-type AZ.\n                    <jats:italic>SyRibbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    might complement animal studies on molecular interactions of AZ proteins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.98254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T08:26:19Z","timestamp":1717748779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.98254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing synthetic ribbon-type active zones in a heterologous expression 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