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Yet, where SP-target neurons reside remained uncertain. Here, we show that expression of membrane-tethered SP (mSP) predominantly in the head or trunk either reduces receptivity or increases oviposition, respectively. Using fragments from large regulatory regions of\n                    <jats:italic>Sex Peptide Receptor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fruitless,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>doublesex<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes together with intersectional expression of mSP, we identified distinct interneurons in the brain and abdominal ganglion controlling receptivity and oviposition. These SP response-inducing neurons (SPRINz) can induce post-mating responses through SP received by mating. Trans-synaptic mapping of neuronal connections reveals input from sensory processing neurons and two post-synaptic trajectories as output. Hence, SP-target neurons operate as key integrators of sensory information for decision-making of behavioural outputs. Multi-modularity of SP-targets further allows females to adjust SP-mediated male manipulation to physiological state and environmental conditions for maximising reproductive success.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.98283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T11:39:31Z","timestamp":1721734771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.98283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex peptide targets distinct higher order processing neurons in the brain to induce the female post-mating response"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohanakarthik P","family":"Nallasivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-349X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deepanshu ND","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027m9bs27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Syahir RS","family":"Sahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3844-0258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthias","family":"Soller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027m9bs27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90368-a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ectopic expression of sex peptide alters reproductive behavior of female D. melanogaster","volume":"7","author":"Aigaki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.125","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circuit modules linking internal states and social behaviour in flies and mice","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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