{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:34:56Z","timestamp":1787567696753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014261","name":"National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI116566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI116566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014261","name":"National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R35GM122559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R35GM122559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"iBio Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gonorrhea, which is caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is the second most reported sexually transmitted infection worldwide. The increasing appearance of isolates that are resistant to approved therapeutics raises the concern that gonorrhea may become untreatable. Here, we serendipitously identified oxydifficidin as a potent\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibiotic through the observation of a\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    contaminant in a lawn of\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Oxydifficidin is active against both wild-type and multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Its potent activity results from a combination of DedA-assisted uptake into the cytoplasm and the presence of an oxydifficidin-sensitive ribosomal protein L7\/L12 (RplL). Our data indicate that oxydifficidin binds to the ribosome at a site that is distinct from other antibiotics and that L7\/L12 is uniquely associated with its mode of action. This study opens a potential new avenue for addressing antibiotic resistant gonorrhea and underscores the possibility of identifying overlooked natural products from cultured bacteria, particularly those with activity against previously understudied pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.99281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T06:29:58Z","timestamp":1722493798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.99281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oxydifficidin, a potent Neisseria gonorrhoeae antibiotic due to DedA-assisted uptake and ribosomal protein RplL sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1917-6577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingbo","family":"Kan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00453a208","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Graduate Center, City University of New York","place":["New York City, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00453a208","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Brooklyn College, City University of New York","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-308X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrian","family":"Morales-Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-8856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yozen","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Melinda A","family":"Ternei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Lemetre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Logan W","family":"Maclntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6054-594X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Biais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00453a208","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Graduate Center, City University of New York","place":["New York City, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00453a208","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Brooklyn College, City University of New York","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ghvgs84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 Sorbonne Universit\u00e9\/CNRS","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-8586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean F","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420db125","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7527","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604790113","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structures of the orthosomycin antibiotics avilamycin and evernimicin in complex with the bacterial 70S ribosome","volume":"113","author":"Arenz","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800173-8.00001-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Azithromycin","volume":"39","author":"Bakheit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42204","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA08299A","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The intriguing biology and chemistry of fosfomycin: the only marketed phosphonate antibiotic","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14067","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ribosomal protein L7\/L12 is required for GTPase translation factors EF-G, RF3, and IF2 to bind in their GTP state to 70S ribosomes","volume":"284","author":"Carlson","year":"2017","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8685-9_6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Natural cotransformation and multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT) of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"1839","author":"Dalia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.46.2200803","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Detection of 10 cases of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United Kingdom, december 2021 to june 2022","volume":"27","author":"Day","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00805-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Azithromycin resistant gonococci: a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Derbie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.04.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural basis for the function of the ribosomal L7\/12 stalk in factor binding and GTPase activation","volume":"121","author":"Diaconu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo2020303","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery","volume":"2","author":"Dias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc04a02s23","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Genetic manipulation of neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"Chapter 4","author":"Dillard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Protocols in Microbiology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01006-12","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New functions for the ancient DedA membrane protein family","volume":"195","author":"Doerrler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34630-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Muscle5: High-accuracy alignment ensembles enable unbiased assessments of sequence homology and phylogeny","volume":"13","author":"Edgar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02420.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of the pilF-pilD pilus-assembly locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"16","author":"Freitag","year":"1995","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.01.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Translational regulation via L11: molecular switches on the ribosome turned on and off by thiostrepton and micrococcin","volume":"30","author":"Harms","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.05.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TMEM41B acts as an ER scramblase required for lipoprotein biogenesis and lipid homeostasis","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.65.2773","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improvement of the electro-transformation efficiency of facultatively alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 by high osmolarity and glycine treatment","volume":"65","author":"Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00734-21","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complete genome sequences of seven neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates from mucosal and disseminated gonococcal infections","volume":"10","author":"Jen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiology Resource Announcements"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.4.1084-1096.2004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural and functional characterization of gene clusters directing nonribosomal synthesis of bioactive cyclic lipopeptides in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42","volume":"186","author":"Koumoutsi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.056","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The science of antibiotic discovery","volume":"181","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202103105","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TMEM41B and VMP1 are scramblases and regulate the distribution of cholesterol and phosphatidylserine","volume":"220","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-062917-011942","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ribosome-targeting antibiotics: modes of action, mechanisms of resistance, and implications for drug design","volume":"87","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Products"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030614","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on the biotechnological applications of the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens","volume":"9","author":"Ngalimat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.100397","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Japan","volume":"17","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-023-01047-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural conservation of antibiotic interaction with ribosomes","volume":"30","author":"Paternoga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050866","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Natural products containing \u201crare\u201d organophosphorus functional groups","volume":"24","author":"Petkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1265","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The bacterial ribosome as a target for antibiotics","volume":"3","author":"Poehlsgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2018.00048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The mechanisms of action of ribosome-targeting peptide antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Polikanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490","type":"journal-article","article-title":"FastTree 2--approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments","volume":"5","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198427060-00001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ceftriaxone. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use","volume":"27","author":"Richards","year":"1984","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2301979120","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The DedA superfamily member PetA is required for the transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine in bacterial membranes","volume":"120","author":"Roney","year":"2023","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01688-21","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increasing azithromycin resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae due to NG-MAST 12302 clonal spread in Canada, 2015 to 2018","volume":"66","author":"Sawatzky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091699","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: challenges in research and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Shaskolskiy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05569-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Undecaprenyl phosphate translocases confer conditional microbial fitness","volume":"613","author":"Sit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950a6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Update to CDC\u2019s treatment guidelines for gonococcal infection, 2020","volume":"69","author":"St Cyr","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00028-23","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three bacterial deda subfamilies with distinct functions and phylogenetic distribution","volume":"14","author":"Todor","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05760-11","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-level cefixime- and ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in France: novel penA mosaic allele in a successful international clone causes treatment failure","volume":"56","author":"Unemo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D579","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz926","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MicroScope: an integrated platform for the annotation and exploration of microbial gene functions through genomic, pangenomic and metabolic comparative analysis","volume":"48","author":"Vallenet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"bib39","type":"report","volume-title":"Prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the era of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV","author":"WHO","year":"2019","unstructured":"WHO. 2019. World Health Organization. Prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the era of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/prevention-and-control-of-stis-in-the-era-of-prep-for-hiv."},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.40.1682","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Difficidin and oxydifficidin: novel broad spectrum antibacterial antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis. II. Isolation and physico-chemical characterization","volume":"40","author":"Wilson","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2010.10.013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Enhancing electro-transformation competency of recalcitrant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by combining cell-wall weakening and cell-membrane fluidity disturbing","volume":"409","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21780","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ribosome-targeting antibacterial agents: Advances, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicinal Research Reviews"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.40.1677","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Difficidin and oxydifficidin: novel broad spectrum antibacterial antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis. I. Production, taxonomy and antibacterial activity","volume":"40","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.40.1692","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Difficidin and oxydifficidin: novel broad spectrum antibacterial antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis. III. Mode of action of difficidin","volume":"40","author":"Zweerink","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"key":"dataset1","type":"dataset","article-title":"Genome assembly ASM1909383v1","volume-title":"NCBI Assembly","author":"Kan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kan J. 2021. Genome assembly ASM1909383v1. NCBI Assembly. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/genome\/GCF_019093835.1\/. GCF_019093835.1."}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/99281\/elife-99281-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/99281\/elife-99281-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/99281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:35:56Z","timestamp":1787564156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/99281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.99281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.99281","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.05.27.596031","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.99281.3","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.99281.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.99281.2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"accession","id":"GCF_019093835.1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP99281"}}