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How to prevent or reduce\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization in the lungs is a key measure to prevent TB. However, the data on gut microbiota preventing\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization in the lungs were scarce. Here, we established the clindamycin-inducing intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and fecal microbial transplantation models in mice to identify gut microbiota\u2019s effect on\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s colonization in the mouse lungs and explore its potential mechanisms. The results showed that clindamycin treatment altered the diversity and composition of the intestinal bacterial and fungal microbiome, weakened the trans-kingdom network interactions between bacteria and fungi, and induced gut microbiome dysbiosis in the mice. Gut microbiota dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability and enhances the susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization in the lungs of mice. The potential mechanisms were gut microbiota dysbiosis altered the lung transcriptome and increased\n                    <jats:italic>Nos2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression through the \u2018gut\u2013lung axis\u2019.\n                    <jats:italic>Nos2<\/jats:italic>\n                    high expression disrupts the intracellular antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory environment by increasing the concentration of nitric oxide, decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and\n                    <jats:italic>Defb1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the cells, and promoting\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization in the lungs of mice. The present study raises a potential strategy for reducing the risks of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections and transmission by regulating the gut microbiome balance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.99282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T07:27:34Z","timestamp":1721114854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.99282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis increases Mycobacteria pulmonary colonization in mice by regulating the Nos2-associated pathways"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"MeiQing","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0278r4c85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University","place":["Weihui, 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