{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:17:53Z","timestamp":1774448273149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p id=\"P3_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:bold>Context:<\/jats:bold> Hidden penis is anatomically defined by a lack of firm attachments of the skin and dartos fascia to the underlying Buck fascia.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p id=\"P4_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To critically appraise the research evidence that could support the most effective surgical techniques for adult-acquired hidden penis in obese patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p id=\"P5_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Studies investigating patients with a diagnosis of hidden penis were identified. Of these studies, only those with adult patients classified as overweight or obese (body mass index &gt;25) were included in the review. Three reviewers examined the abstracts of the studies identified in the initial Medline search, and abstracts considered potentially relevant underwent full-text review. Studies that included patients with congenital, iatrogenic (eg, circumcision issues or aesthetic genital surgery), or traumatic causes of hidden penis were excluded. Studies that did not define the diagnostic criteria for hidden penis were excluded to minimize the risk of definition bias. The quality of evidence for each study was determined after considering the following sources of bias: method of allocation to study groups, data analysis, presence of baseline differences between groups, objectivity of outcome, and completeness of follow-up. Using these criteria, studies were then graded as high, moderate, or low in quality.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p id=\"P6_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Seven studies with a total of 119 patients met the inclusion criteria. All but 1 of the studies were nonrandomized. One study provided a clear presentation of results and appropriate statistical analysis. Six studies accounted for individual-based differences, and 1 study failed to account for baseline differences altogether. Four studies addressed follow-up. One study was of high quality, 2 were of moderate quality, and 4 were of low quality.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p id=\"P7_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1aab1c16b5Aa\">\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Building a clinical practice guideline for the surgical management of hidden penis has proven difficult because of a lack of high-quality, statistically significant data in the research synthesis. The authors elucidate the challenges and epitomize the collective wisdom of surgeons who have investigated this problem and emphasize the need for rigorous evaluative studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2015.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T21:24:21Z","timestamp":1424985861000},"page":"150-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adult-Acquired Hidden Penis in Obese Patients: A Critical Survey of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Chase T.","family":"Cavayero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghan A.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Harlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_001_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","first-page":"640","article-title":"Diseases of the Penis-Anatomy-Anomalies-Injuries-Inflammations","volume-title":"Urology: Diseases of the Urinary Organs, Diseases of the Male Genital Organs, and the Venereal Diseases","author":"Keyes","year":"1917"},{"issue":"2 part 1","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_002_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000107824.72182.95","article-title":"Results of a simplified technique for buried penis repair","volume":"171","author":"Frenkl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_003_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63939-9","article-title":"Management of the buried penis in adults","volume":"159","author":"Donatucci","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_004_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(77)90046-7","article-title":"Buried penis","volume":"30","author":"Crawford","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg."},{"issue":"1 pt 2","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_005_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44837-3","article-title":"Surgical correction of the buried penis: description of a classification system and a technique to correct the disorder","volume":"136","author":"Maizels","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_006_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61922-0","article-title":"A new technique for correction of the hidden penis in children and adults","volume":"161","author":"Alter","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_007_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b7Aa","unstructured":"ZimmermanWBSantucciRA. Treatment of adult-acquired buried penis. In: SpearM, ed. Skin Grafts\u2014Indications, Applications and Current Research. 2011. http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/skin-grafts-indications-applications-and-current-research\/treatment-of-adult-acquired-buried-penis. Accessed January 8, 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_008_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b5a37f","article-title":"Management of \u201cburied\u201d penis in adulthood: an overview","volume":"124","author":"Pestana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_009_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2b9Aa","first-page":"109349","article-title":"Buried penis: evaluation of outcomes in children and adults, modification of a unified treatment algorithm, and review of the literature","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_010_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.01.059","article-title":"Modern management of adult-acquired buried penis","volume":"72","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_011_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.159","article-title":"Morbid obesity rates continue to rise rapidly in the United States","volume":"37","author":"Sturm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_012_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c12Aa","article-title":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ratings: strength of recommendations and quality of evidence","volume-title":"Guide to Clinical Preventive Services","year":"2004","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_013_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c13Aa","volume-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, 3-5 June 1997","year":"1998"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_014_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.11.022","article-title":"Vacuum-assisted closure therapy for patients with infected sternal wounds: a meta-analysis of current evidence","volume":"64","author":"Damiani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_015_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2013.39.1.21","article-title":"Full thickness skin grafts from the groin: donor site morbidity and graft survival rate from 50 cases","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_016_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c16Aa","first-page":"550","article-title":"The surgical correction of buried penis: a new technique","volume":"154","author":"Boemers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_017_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200211000-00017","article-title":"Surgical management of acquired (cicatricial) buried penis in an adult patient","volume":"49","author":"Chopra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_018_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.01162.x","article-title":"Revealing the buried penis in adults","volume":"6","author":"Shaeer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_019_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2013.04.004","article-title":"Skin grafting of the penis [review]","volume":"40","author":"Thakar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_020_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.473","article-title":"The obese surgical patient: a susceptible host for infection","volume":"7","author":"Anaya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_021_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359125","article-title":"Factors affecting wound healing","volume":"89","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_022_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327791","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach to obesity","volume":"14","author":"Donini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_023_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200009020-00014","article-title":"Buried penis release in adults with suction lipectomy and abdominoplasty","volume":"106","author":"Adham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_024_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(09)61271-4","article-title":"Outcomes and restoration of sexual function in adult patients with buried penis","volume":"181","author":"Conners","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021040110561571990_j_jaoa.2015.028_ref_025_w2aab3b7c18b1b6b1ab2b2c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(08)60033-6","article-title":"Buried penis in adults","volume":"179","author":"Davies","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Osteopathic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.7556\/jaoa.2015.028\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.7556\/jaoa.2015.028\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T11:19:15Z","timestamp":1617275955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.7556\/jaoa.2015.028\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7556\/jaoa.2015.028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2015.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2702-3648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2702-3648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}}}