{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:03:47Z","timestamp":1791407027101,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Context:<\/jats:bold> Food insecurity is a preventable health threat and may precipitate central obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To examine (1) health by household food security status; and (2) differences and prevalence of central obesity among persons aged 12 to 18 years in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was administered to a cross-sectional sample of persons aged 12 to 18 years in 1999 to 2006. Controlling for age, race\/ethnicity, and sex differences in mean obesity and chronic disease factors across levels of food insecurity (analysis of covariance [Bonferroni post hoc] and ORs [logistic regression analyses]) were examined, as were differences in the rates of risk factors (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A total of 7435 participants were analyzed. Those from marginally food secure (n=751) and low\u2013food secure (n=1206) (population size estimate, 26,714,182) households were significantly more likely than their high\u2013food secure counterparts (n=4831) to be overweight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.036) (OR, 1.44), and those from marginally food secure households were 1.3-times more likely to be obese (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.036). Nearly 25% of respondents from marginally food secure, low\u2013food secure, and very low\u2013food secure (n=647) households reported central obesity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.002), which was 1.4 to 1.5 times more likely than those from high\u2013food secure households. Participants from high\u2013food secure households had significantly higher mean high-density lipoprotein values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.019). Risk factors indicative of metabolic syndrome were present in 3.1%.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Household food insecurity was associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight and having central obesity. Limitations included the use of cross-sectional data and some self-reported data and the inability to control for all moderating variables in obesity and overall health status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2015.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,31]],"date-time":"2015-08-31T13:30:54Z","timestamp":1441027854000},"page":"536-543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Food Insecurity and Its Association With Central Obesity and Other Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Persons Aged 12 to 18 Years in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"David H.","family":"Holben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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