{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:47:35Z","timestamp":1761490055657},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Minimalist running entails using shoes with a flexible thin sole and is popular in the United States. Existing literature disagrees over whether minimalist running shoes (MRS) improve perceived severity of injuries associated with running in traditional running shoes (TRS). Additionally, the perceived injury patterns associated with MRS are relatively unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To examine whether injury incidence and severity (ie, degree of pain) by body region change after switching to MRS, and to determine if transition times affect injury incidences or severity with MRS.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Runners who were either current or previous users of MRS were recruited to complete an Internet-based survey regarding self-reported injury before switching to MRS and whether self-reported pain from that injury decreased after switching. Questions regarding whether new injuries developed in respondents after switching to MRS were also included. Analyses were calculated using <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Fischer exact tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Forty-seven runners completed the survey, and 16 respondents reported injuries before switching to MRS. Among these respondents, pain resulting from injuries of the feet (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.03) and knees (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.01) decreased. Eighteen respondents (38.3%) indicated they sustained new injuries after switching to MRS, but the severity of these did not differ significantly from no injury. Neither time allowed for transition to MRS nor use or disuse of a stretching routine during this period was correlated with an increase in the incidence or severity of injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> After switching to MRS, respondents perceived an improvement in foot and knee injuries. Additionally, respondents using MRS reported an injury rate of 38.3%, compared with the approximately 64% that the literature reports among TRS users. Future studies should be expanded to determine the full extent of the differences in injury patterns between MRS and TRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2016.104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]],"date-time":"2016-07-25T16:34:28Z","timestamp":1469464468000},"page":"512-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Self-Reported Minimalist Running Injury Incidence and Severity: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Katrina","family":"Ostermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Ridpath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jandy B.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033548","article-title":"Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"van Gent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_002","volume-title":"Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen","author":"McDougall","year":"2011"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823a3c54","article-title":"Primitive running: a survey analysis of runners\u2019 interest, participation, and implementation","volume":"26","author":"Rothschild","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res."},{"key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_004","volume-title":"Bezdek v Vibram USA, Inc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_005","first-page":"276","article-title":"Lower extremity biomechanical relationships with different speeds in traditional, minimalist, and barefoot footwear","volume":"14","author":"Fredericks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sport Sci Med."},{"key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_006","article-title":"Relationships among self-reported shoe type, footstrike pattern, and injury incidence","author":"Goss","year":"2012","journal-title":"US Army Med Dep J."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182874769","article-title":"Foot bone marrow edema after a 10-wk transition to minimalist running shoes","volume":"45","author":"Ridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2013.03.001","article-title":"Minimalist shoe injuries: three case reports","volume":"23","author":"Cauthon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot (Edinb)"},{"issue":"7280","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08723","article-title":"Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners","volume":"463","author":"Lieberman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.728249","article-title":"Lower extremity joint stiffness characteristics during running with different footfall patterns","volume":"14","author":"Hamill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198704000-00014","article-title":"Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptations","volume":"19","author":"Robbins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2022022617274675154_j_jaoa.2016.104_ref_012","unstructured":"Hughes\n              R.\n            \n          \n          How to transition to minimalist shoes. 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