{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:47:51Z","timestamp":1783716471399,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jaoa.2020.138_s_001_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\"><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subclinical features of zinc deficiency can be challenging to recognize. The prevalence of zinc deficiency based on blood zinc concentration in an adult outpatient clinic setting has not been well-studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jaoa.2020.138_s_002_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations among community-dwelling adults, and to characterize clinical features and risk factors associated with zinc deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jaoa.2020.138_s_003_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective pilot prevalence study took place from 2014 to 2017 at an outpatient clinic in southeast Ohio. Patients aged 50 years or older with a stable health status were categorized into a case group with zinc deficiency (serum zinc concentration, &lt;0.66 \u00b5g\/mL) and a control group (serum zinc concentration, \u22650.66 \u00b5g\/mL). Measurements included serum zinc concentration, nutritional biomarkers (ie, magnesium, calcium, albumin, and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels), patient history of fractures and events such as hospitalization, antibiotic use, and self-reported falls that occurred within 1 year prior to the date serum zinc concentration was measured (index date). Patients were excluded if they had a serum zinc measurement within 2 months after a hospitalization, severe renal insufficiency (3 patients with serum creatinine concentration above 2.5 mg\/dL), or serum zinc concentration above 1.20 \u00b5g\/mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jaoa.2020.138_s_004_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 157 patients, consisting of a case group of 41 (26%) patients with zinc deficiency and a control group of 116 (74%) without zinc deficiency. Mean (SD) zinc concentrations of the case and control groups were 0.58 (0.05) \u00b5g\/mL and 0.803 (0.13) \u00b5g\/mL, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01). Patients in the case group were more likely to have had a history of hospitalization, antibiotic use, a fall within 1 year before the index date, and a history of fractures and hip fracture (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01 in each case). Patients taking gastric acid suppressants had increased odds of lower zinc concentrations (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.08-4.63). Both logistic and multivariate linear regression models revealed that past fractures, hip fractures, and hypoalbuminemia (albumin &lt;3.5 g\/dL) were associated with zinc deficiency or lower zinc concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jaoa.2020.138_s_005_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1aab1c16b5Aa\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that 26% of patients in an outpatient adult clinic had zinc deficiency based on serum concentrations. Patients with fracture history and low serum albumin were at higher risk for zinc deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2020.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T20:35:58Z","timestamp":1602189358000},"page":"796-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum Zinc Concentrations of Adults in an Outpatient Clinic and Risk Factors Associated With Zinc 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