{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:32:19Z","timestamp":1793442739346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticoagulant rodenticides (AR), principally difethialone, brodifacoum, and bromadiolone, were detected in the livers of 89% of 72 Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) from New York City, New York, US examined for cause of death over a 7-yr period (January 2012\u2013December 2018). Fatal hemorrhage likely attributable to AR exposure was diagnosed in 41% (30\/74) of cases, and 46% (18\/39) of the cases analyzed with no gross evidence of AR-mediated hemorrhage had liver concentrations of AR that overlapped those with an AR-poisoning diagnosis. Although urban areas like New York City can support surprisingly dense populations of Red-tailed Hawks, the threat posed by extensive use of AR can be large.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-19-00003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T12:06:43Z","timestamp":1600430803000},"page":"162-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Red-Tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) from New York City, New York, USA, 2012\u201318"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Okoniewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Wildlife Health Unit, 108 Game Farm Road, Delmar, New York 12054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"VanPatten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Bureau of Air Quality Surveillance Shared Laboratory Facility, 11 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Ableman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Wildlife Health Unit, 108 Game Farm Road, Delmar, New York 12054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Hynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Wildlife Health Unit, 108 Game Farm Road, Delmar, New York 12054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Wildlife Health Unit, 108 Game Farm Road, Delmar, New York 12054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Furdyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Bureau of Air Quality Surveillance Shared Laboratory Facility, 11 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Murray,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  42, \"Anticoagulant rodenticide exposure and toxicosis in four species of birds of prey presented to a wildlife clinic in Massachusetts, 2006\u20132010.\" 88 (2011)","DOI":"10.1638\/2010-0188.1"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"C. Grubel,  \"NYC Audubon New York City raptor census\u2014Final report.\"  , 15 (2008)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PL Hegdal  and BA Colvin  \"Environ Toxicol Chem.\"  7, \"Potential hazard to eastern screech-owls and other raptors of brodifacoum bait used for vole control in orchards.\" 245 (1988)","DOI":"10.1897\/1552-8618(1988)7[245:PHTESA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Hindmarch  and JE Elliott  \"Anticoagulants in wildlife.\"  , \"Ecological factors driving uptake of anticoagulant rodenticides in predators.\" 229 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AC Huang, JE Elliot,  Hindmarch, et al.  \"Ecotoxicology.\"  25, \"Increased rodenticide exposure rate and risk of toxicosis in barn owls (Tyto alba) from southwestern Canada and linkage with demographic but not genetic factors.\" 1061 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-016-1662-6"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Hunter  and EA Sharp  \"J Chromatogr.\"  437, \"Modification to procedures for the determination of chlorophacinone and for multi-residue analysis of rodenticides in animal tissues.\" 301 (1988)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)90398-4"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Murray,  \"Ecotoxicology.\"  26, \"Anticoagulant rodenticide exposure and toxicosis in four species of birds of prey in Massachusetts, USA, 2012\u20132016, in relation to use of rodenticides by pest management professionals.\" 1041 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-017-1832-1"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"I Newton, RF Shore, I Wyllie, et al.  \"Advances in vertebrate pest management.\"  , \"Empirical evidence of side-effects of rodenticides on some predatory birds and mammals.\" 347 (1999)"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"et al.  \"Pesticide sales and use reporting.\"  ,  (2016)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Stansley, M Cummings, D Vudathala, et al.  \"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.\"  92, \"Anticoagulant rodenticides in Red-tailed Hawks, Buteo jamaicensis, and great horned owls, Bubo virginianus, from New Jersey, USA, 2008\u20132010.\" 6 (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-013-1135-z"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WB Stone, JC Okoniewski, JR Stedelin,  \"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.\"  70, \"Anticoagulant rodenticides and raptors: recent findings from New York, 1998-2001.\" 34 (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-002-0152-0"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PJ Thomas, P Mineau, RF Shore, et al.  \"Environ Int.\"  37, \"Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory birds: Probabilistic characterization of toxic liver concentrations and implications for predatory bird populations in Canada.\" 914 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.03.010"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"et al.  \"Risk mitigation decision for 10 rodenticides.\"  ,  (2008)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Vandenbroucke, N Desmet, P De Backer, et al.  \"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci.\"  869, \"Multi-residue analysis of eight anticoagulant rodenticides in animal plasma and liver using liquid chromatography combined with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.\" 101 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2008.05.011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jwildlifedis.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.7589\/JWD-D-19-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:54:30Z","timestamp":1793440470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-1\/JWD-D-19-00003\/Anticoagulant-Rodenticides-in-Red-Tailed-Hawks-Buteo-jamaicensis-from-New\/10.7589\/JWD-D-19-00003.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-19-00003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]}}}