{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:32:24Z","timestamp":1793442744323,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Herbivores can be accidental hosts for the zoonotic nematode parasites Trichinella spp., which are endemic at high prevalence in wildlife in northeastern Europe. Using direct and indirect detection methods for Trichinella spp., we investigated samples from 463 wild moose (Alces alces) harvested by hunters in Estonia in 2015. A total of 460 moose were tested directly by artificial digestion of diaphragm muscle, 463 moose were tested indirectly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 34 moose also by western blot. Positive-control reference sera were from other host species. Nematode larvae were found in six muscle samples; five of which were pooled samples. None of the larvae were identified as Trichinella spp., based on their morphology and molecular analyses. Twelve moose (2.6%) were positive by ELISA, but none were positive by the western blot test. Trichinella spp. infection was not detected, but ELISA results may suggest Trichinella spp. exposure in a small proportion of moose in Estonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-19-00011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T10:46:01Z","timestamp":1610016361000},"page":"116-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HERBIVORES AS ACCIDENTAL HOSTS FOR TRICHINELLA: SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE OF TRICHINELLA INFECTION AND EXPOSURE IN FREE-RANGING MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) IN A HIGHLY ENDEMIC SETTING"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Age","family":"K\u00e4rssin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Remes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaidi","family":"Korge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mare","family":"Viigipuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen Rune","family":"Stensvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Angeles","family":"G\u00f3mez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Ludovisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pikka","family":"Jokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Lassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Stieve, K Beckmen, SA Kania, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  46, \"Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in Alaska wildlife.\" 348 (2010)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.2.348"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA G\u00f3mez-Morales, M Selmi, A Ludovisi, et al.  \"Parasit Vectors.\"  9, \"Hunting dogs as sentinel animals for monitoring infections with Trichinella spp. in wildlife.\" 154 (2016)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1437-1"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"et al.  \"A field guide to common wildlife diseases and parasites in Alaska: Trichinosis.\"  ,  (2018)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GE. 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Esimene osa.\"  , 24 (2002)"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZQ Wang, J Cui, LJ Shen,  \"Vet J.\"  173, \"The epidemiology of animal trichinellosis in China.\" 391 (2007)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.08.002"},{"key":"54","unstructured":"et al.  \"Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of food-borne parasites: Microbiological risk assessment series 2014. No. 23.\"  , 302 (2014)"},{"key":"55","unstructured":"et al.  \"Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals 2017: Trichinellosis (infection with Trichinella spp.).\"  , 11 (2017)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:54:44Z","timestamp":1793440484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-1\/JWD-D-19-00011\/HERBIVORES-AS-ACCIDENTAL-HOSTS-FOR-TRICHINELLA--SEARCH-FOR-EVIDENCE\/10.7589\/JWD-D-19-00011.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-19-00011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]}}}