{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:32:24Z","timestamp":1793442744609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Carnivorous birds maintain parasites in the sylvatic cycle and have a role in their diffusion. The histopathology and ultrastructure of the intestine of 29 Hooded Crows (Corvus corone cornix) and 51 Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica), from the Province of Ferrara (Northern Italy), naturally infected with Sphaerirostris picae (Acanthocephala), were investigated. In both bird species, the prevalence of infection was around 10%, and the intensity of the infection in the Hooded Crows ranged from two to 12 acanthocephalans per host, whereas in the Eurasian Magpies it ranged from one to nine worms per bird. Previous records on the histopathology of acanthocephalans in birds do not provide information on the type of cells involved in the host's reaction. We aimed to gain information on the effects of acanthocephalans on the structural integrity of the birds' intestine and to describe the type of immune cells in the hosts against the parasite. Our results showed that S. picae disrupted the intestinal wall at the site of attachment by means of its neck and proboscis, and three main types of bird intestinal reactions were noticed. The most severe response of the hosts was against the proboscis because of the action of its hooks with recruitment of macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, and heterophils. Sphaerirostris picae perforated the birds' entire intestinal wall, reaching the peritoneal visceral serosa, but it did not provoke a diffuse peritonitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T11:35:41Z","timestamp":1610019341000},"page":"215-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intestinal Histopathology due to an Acanthocephalan in Two Corvid Species from Northern Italy"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Bahram Sayyaf","family":"Dezfuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Manera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biosciences, Food, and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Campus \u201cA. Saliceti\u201d - Polo didattico \u201cS. Spaventa\u201d, R. Balzarini Street, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Rubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Ferrara Branch, St. Modena, Cassana 483, 44124 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Santoro, M Tripepi, JM Kinsella, et al.  \"Vet J.\"  186, \"Helminth infestation in birds of prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) in Southern Italy.\" 119 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.07.001"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"SE Andrews  and W Threlfall  \"Proc Helminthol Soc Wash.\"  42, \"Parasites of the common crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, 1822) in insular Newfoundland.\" 24 (1975)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KM Balla, G Lugo-Villarino, JM Spitsbergen, et al.  \"Blood.\"  116, \"Eosinophils in the zebrafish: Prospective isolation, characterization, and eosinophilia induction by helminth determinants.\" 3944 (2010)","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-267419"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"P Clark, WSJ Boardman, SR Raidal,  \"Atlas of clinical avian hematology.\"  , 184 (2009)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JA Claver  and AIE Quaglia  \"J Exot Pet Med.\"  18, \"Comparative morphology, development, and function of blood cells in non-mammalian vertebrates.\" 87 (2009)","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2009.04.006"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"F Davison, B Kaspers, KA Schat,  \"Avian immunology.\"  , 481 (2008)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BS Dezfuli, M Manera, L Giari, et al.  \"Fish Shell Immunol.\"  47, \"Occurrence of immune cells in the intestinal wall of Squalius cephalus infected with Pomphorhynchus laevis.\" 556 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.09.043"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BS Dezfuli, S Volponi, I Beltrami, et al.  \"Parasitology.\"  124, \"Intra- and interspecific density-dependent effects on growth in helminth parasites of the cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis.\" 537 (2002)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001555"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"et al.  \"Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.\"  ,  (2010)"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"A Halajian, A Eslami, I Mobedi, et al.  \"Iran J Parasitol.\"  6, \"Gastrointestinal helminths of magpies (Pica pica), rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and carrion crows (Corvus corone) in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.\" 38 (2011)"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"N Khatoon, A Khan, FM Bilqees, et al.  \"Int J Biol Res.\"  2, \"Histopathology of crow (Corvus splendens Vieillot) intestine infected with acanthocephalan, Centrorhynchus amini Khan et al., 2010.\" 23 (2014)"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AD Klion, SJ Ackerman, BS Bochner,  \"Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis.\"  15, \"Contributions of eosinophils to human health and disease.\" 179 (2020)","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032756"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RJ. Montali,  \"J Comp Pathol.\"  99, \"Comparative pathology of inflammation in the higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals).\" 1 (1988)","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(88)90101-6"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"NA. Radwan,  \"Life Sci J.\"  9, \"Pathology induced by Sphaerirostris picae (Acanthocephala, Centrorhynchidae) in the hooded crow Corvus corone cornix (Aves: Corvidae) from north Delta of Egypt.\" 48 (2012)"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HU Simon, S Yousefi, N Germic, et al.  \"Int Arch Allergy Immunol.\"  181, \"The cellular functions of eosinophils: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) update 2020.\" 11 (2020)","DOI":"10.1159\/000504847"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:54:52Z","timestamp":1793440492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-1\/JWD-D-20-00080\/Intestinal-Histopathology-due-to-an-Acanthocephalan-in-Two-Corvid-Species\/10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00080.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]}}}