{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:11:34Z","timestamp":1794323494508,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Passive surveillance is an important component of wildlife health surveillance that allows for the identification of emerging pathogens as well as population-level threats. We investigated the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in rodents and lagomorphs submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) in Ontario and the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) over a 30-yr period. A total of 836 cases representing 13 species of rodents and three species of lagomorph were submitted to the CWHC and the OVC wildlife pathology service. Infectious or inflammatory diagnoses were most common in our data set, followed by trauma and unknown diagnoses. The most frequently identified primary diagnosis was encephalitis with histological lesions consistent with neural larva migrans including the presence of inflammation and malacia of brain tissue and, in some cases, characteristic nematode larvae. Other infectious diagnoses were squirrel fibroma virus and Toxoplasma gondii infections. Knowledge of common pathogens observed in various species of rodents and lagomorphs can aid in triage and treatment decisions at veterinary clinics and wildlife rehabilitation centers, and guide sample collection and test requisition at post-mortem examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T01:19:04Z","timestamp":1633915144000},"page":"874-883","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN ONTARIO RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHS: A 30-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Shannon K.","family":"French","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Peregrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"37","unstructured":"G Wobeser, GD Campbell, A Dallaire, et al.  \"Can Vet J.\"  50, \"Tularemia, plague, yersiniosis, and Tyzzer's disease in wild rodents and lagomorphs in Canada: A review.\" 1251 (2009)"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SL Klein  and KL Flanagan  \"Nat Rev Immunol.\"  16, \"Sex differences in immune responses.\" 626 (2016)","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE. 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Reid,  \"Mammals of North America.\"  346 (2006)"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"CB Richter  and DC Kradel  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  25, \"Cerebrospinal nematodosis in Pennsylvania groundhogs (Marmota monax).\" 1230 (1964)"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Roth, ME Georgi, JM King, et al.  \"Vet Pathol.\"  19, \"Parasitic encephalitis due to Baylisascaris sp. in wild and captive woodchucks (Marmota monax).\" 658 (1982)","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588201900610"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"ARBMF. 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Tiner,  \"J Mammal.\"  34, \"Fatalities in rodents caused by larval Ascaris in the central nervous system.\" 153 (1953b)","DOI":"10.2307\/1375616"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JD. Tiner,  \"J Mammal.\"  35, \"The fraction of Peromyscus leucopus fatalities caused by raccoon ascarid larvae.\" 589 (1954)","DOI":"10.2307\/1375596"},{"key":"35","unstructured":"FS. Tseng,  \"Proceedings of the North American veterinary conference.\"  \"Baylisascaris in squirrels.\" 817 (1997)"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Wobeser  and AG Wobeser  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  28, \"Carcass disappearance and estimation of mortality in a simulated die-off of small birds.\" 548 (1992)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-28.4.548"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:28:23Z","timestamp":1793435303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-4\/JWD-D-20-00106\/MORBIDITY-AND-MORTALITY-IN-ONTARIO-RODENTS-AND-LAGOMORPHS--A\/10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00106.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00106","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00106.1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]}}}