{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:30:11Z","timestamp":1793442611108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In western North America, sylvatic plague (a flea-borne disease) poses a significant risk to endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and their primary prey, prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.). Pulicides (flea-killing agents) can be used to suppress fleas and thereby manage plague. In South Dakota, US, we tested edible \u201cFipBit\u201d pellets, each containing 0.84 mg fipronil, on free-living black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludivicianus). FipBits were applied along transects at 125 per ha and nearly eliminated fleas for 2 mo. From 9\u201314 mo post-treatment, we found only 10 fleas on FipBit sites versus 1,266 fleas on nontreated sites. This degree and duration of flea control should suppress plague transmission. FipBits are effective, inexpensive, and easily distributed but require federal approval for operational use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T12:08:44Z","timestamp":1616674124000},"page":"434-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fipronil Pellets Reduce Flea Abundance on Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs: Potential Tool for Plague Management and Black-Footed Ferret Conservation"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-017X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Eads","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis M.","family":"Livieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prairie Wildlife Research, PO Box 308, Wellington, Colorado 80549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Dobesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Forest Service, Wall Ranger District, 710 Main Street, Wall, South Dakota 57790, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Childers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Park Service, Badlands National Park, 25216 Ben Reifel Road, Interior, South Dakota 57750, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele C.","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean E.","family":"Biggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LM Corro, DW Tripp, SA Stelting, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  53, \"Using off-the-shelf technologies to mass manufacture oral vaccine baits for wildlife.\" 681 (2017)","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-01-013"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"et al.  \"R: A language and environment for statistical computing.\"  ,  (2019)"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE Biggins, JL Godbey, KL Gage, et al.  \"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.\"  10, \"Vector control improves survival of three species of prairie dogs (Cynomys) in areas considered enzootic for plague.\" 17 (2010)","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0049"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Eads, DE Biggins, DH Long, et al.  \"J Mammal.\"  97, \"Droughts may increase susceptibility of prairie dogs to fleas: Incongruity with hypothesized mechanisms of plague cycles in rodents.\" 1044 (2016)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyw035"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MR Matchett, DE Biggins, V Carlson, et al.  \"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.\"  10, \"Enzootic plague reduces black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) survival in Montana.\" 27 (2010)","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0053"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"JL Godbey, DE Biggins, D Garelle,  \"Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges.\"  , \"Exposure of captive black-footed ferrets to plague and implications for species recovery.\" 233 (2006)"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"DA. Eads,  \"Flea abundance and body condition data for black-tailed prairie dogs on sites treated and not treated with \u201cFipBit\u201d fipronil pellets, South Dakota, 2018\u20132020.\"  ,  (2020)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Eads  and DE Biggins  \"Cons Biol.\"  29, \"Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America.\" 1086 (2015)","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12498"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Eads  and DE Biggins  \"J Vector Ecol.\"  44, \"Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control.\" 40 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12327"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Eads, DE Biggins, J Bowser, et al.  \"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.\"  19, \"Evaluation of five pulicides to suppress fleas on black-tailed prairie dogs: Encouraging long-term results with systemic 0.005% fipronil.\" 400 (2019)","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2339"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Eads, DE Biggins, J Bowser, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  54, \"Resistance to deltamethrin in prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) fleas in the field and in the laboratory.\" 745 (2018)","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-10-250"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Gibbons, C Morrissey, P Mineau,  \"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.\"  22, \"A review of the direct and indirect effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on vertebrate wildlife.\" 103 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3180-5"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AS Gunasekara, T Truong, KS Goh, et al.  \"J Pesticide Sci.\"  32, \"Environmental fate and toxicology of fipronil.\" 189 (2007)","DOI":"10.1584\/jpestics.R07-02"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"KE Kreiger  and MR Matchett  \"US patent no. 10,478,276. Issued November 19, 2019.\"  , \"Pellet delivery mechanism.\"  (2019)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Neuhaus,  \"Proc Biol Sci.\"  270, \"Parasite removal and its impact on litter size and body condition in Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus).\" S213 (2003)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2003.0073"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TE Rocke, J Mencher, SR Smith, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  35, \"Recombinant F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against virulent Yersinia pestis infection.\" 142 (2004)","DOI":"10.1638\/03-021"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"et al.  \"Species status assessment report for the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).\"  ,  (2019)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ES Williams, K Mills, DR Kwiatkowski, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  30, \"Plague in a black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).\" 581 (1994)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.4.581"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:32:37Z","timestamp":1793439157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-2\/JWD-D-20-00161\/Fipronil-Pellets-Reduce-Flea-Abundance-on-Black-Tailed-Prairie-Dogs\/10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00161.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]}}}