{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:33:46Z","timestamp":1793439226813,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases. Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4). No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time monitoring effort was consistent. Cases could not be linked to specific causes such as environmental contamination or maternal malnutrition. Our study suggests that a yearly prevalence of 2.9%\u00b12.2 is the endemic level of congenital disease in this stable harbor seal population. Continued monitoring of birth defects and overall harbor seal population status could help to identify emerging teratogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T10:00:35Z","timestamp":1625479235000},"page":"672-677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Congenital Diseases in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) from the Salish Sea"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Erin R.","family":"D'Agnese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D'Agnese EcoConsulting LLC, Sherwood, Oregon 97140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyanna M.","family":"Lambourn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Investigations, 7801 Phillips Road SE, Lakewood, Washington 98498, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whale Museum, 62 1st Street N, PO Box 945, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Huggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cascadia Research Collective, 218 W 4th Avenue, Olympia, Washington 98501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Raverty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Center, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest ZooPath, 654 W Main Street, Monroe, Washington 98272, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Calambokidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cascadia Research Collective, 218 W 4th Avenue, Olympia, Washington 98501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa A.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whale Museum, 62 1st Street N, PO Box 945, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Investigations, 7801 Phillips Road SE, Lakewood, Washington 98498, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The SeaDoc Society, UC Davis Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center\u2014Orcas Island Office, 942 Deer Harbor Road, Eastsound, Washington 98245, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Kulldorff,  \"Commun Stat Theory Methods.\"  26, \"A spatial scan statistic.\" 1481 (1997)","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. 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(Mammalia: Phocidae).\" 1381 (1970)","DOI":"10.1139\/z70-235"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:57:57Z","timestamp":1793437077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-3\/JWD-D-20-00179\/Congenital-Diseases-in-Harbor-Seals-Phoca-vitulina-richardsii-from-the\/10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00179.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]}}}