{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:30:22Z","timestamp":1793824222955,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma bovis is a primary cause of respiratory and reproductive diseases in North American bison (Bison bison), with significant morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of M. bovis in bison is poorly understood, hindering efforts to develop effective control measures. Our study considered whether healthy bison might be carriers of M. bovis, potentially serving as unrecognized sources of exposure. We used culture and PCR to identify mycoplasmas in the nasal cavity or tonsil of 499 healthy bison from 13 herds and two abattoirs in the US and Canada. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in 15 bison (3.0%) representing two herds in the US and one in Canada, while M. bovirhinis, M. bovoculi, M. arginini, or M. dispar was identified from an additional 155 bison (31.1%). Mycoplasma bovirhinis was identified most frequently, in 142 bison (28.5%) representing at least 10 herds. Of the 381 bison for which serum was available, only 6\/13 positive for M. bovis (46.2%) tested positively with an M. bovis ELISA, as did 19\/368 negative for M. bovis (5.2%). Our data reveal that M. bovis can be carried in the upper respiratory tract of healthy bison with no prior history or clinical signs of mycoplasmosis and that a large proportion of carriers may not produce detectable antibodies. Whether carriage of other mycoplasmas can trigger cross-reactive antibodies that may confound M. bovis serology requires further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1625479306000},"page":"683-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in the Respiratory Tract of Healthy North American Bison (Bison bison) and Comparison with Serum Antibody Status"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Karen B.","family":"Register","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA\/Agricultural Research Service\/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Health Office, 10 E Babcock, Bozeman, Montana 59715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Boatwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA\/Agricultural Research Service\/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd K.","family":"Shury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parks Canada Agency, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Woodbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nature Conservancy, PO Box 458, Pawhuska, Oklahoma 74056, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Treanor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellowstone Center for Resources, PO Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Dakota State University, Dept. 4000, PO Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Nol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AL Bras, HW Barkema, M Woodbury, et al.  \"Prev Vet Med.\"  129, \"Risk factors for Mycoplasma bovis-associated disease in farmed bison (Bison bison) herds in western Canada: A case-control study.\" 67 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.05.011"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AL Bras, HW Barkema, MR Woodbury, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  250, \"Clinical presentation, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Mycoplasma bovis-associated disease in farmed bison (Bison bison) herds in western Canada.\" 1167 (2017a)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.10.1167"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AL Bras, M Suleman, M Woodbury, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  29, \"A serologic survey of Mycoplasma spp. in farmed bison (Bison bison) herds in western Canada.\" 513 (2017b)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717710057"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KA Clothier, DM Jordan, CJ Thompson, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  22, \"Mycoplasma bovis real-time polymerase chain reaction assay validation and diagnostic performance.\" 956 (2010)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200618"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Dudek, RAJ Nicholas, E Szacawa, et al.  \"Pathogens.\"  9, \"Mycoplasma bovis infections\u2014Occurrence, diagnosis and control.\" 640 (2020)","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080640"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Dyer, L Hansen-Lardy, D Krogh, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  20, \"An outbreak of chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome caused by Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot bison (Bison bison).\" 369 (2008)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000321"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Dyer, KB Register, D Miskimins, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  25, \"Necrotic pharyngitis associated with Mycoplasma bovis infections in American bison (Bison bison).\" 301 (2013)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713478815"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KS Janardhan, M Hays, N Dyer, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  22, \"Mycoplasma bovis outbreak in a herd of North American bison (Bison bison).\" 797 (2010)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200528"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FP Maunsell  and GA Donovan  \"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract.\"  25, \"Mycoplasma bovis infections in young calves.\" 139 (2009)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2008.10.011"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FP Maunsell, AR Woolums, D Francoz, et al.  \"J Vet Intern Med.\"  25, \"Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle.\" 772 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0750.x"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Miles, L McAuliffe, RD Ayling, et al.  \"FEMS Microbiol Lett.\"  241, \"Rapid detection of Mycoplasma dispar and M. bovirhinis using allele specific polymerase chain reaction protocols.\" 103 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.10.010"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"et al.  \"Basic local alignment search tool.\"  ,  (2020)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KB Register, M Parker, KA Patyk, et al.  \"BMC Vet Res.\"  17, \"Serological evidence for historical and present-day exposure of North American bison to Mycoplasma bovis.\" 18 (2021)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02717-5"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KB Register, RE Sacco, SC Olsen,  \"Clin Vaccine Immunol.\"  20, \"Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of Mycoplasma bovis-specific antibody in bison sera.\" 1405 (2013a)","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00409-13"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KB Register, MR Woodbury, JL Davies, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  25, \"Systemic mycoplasmosis with dystocia and abortion in a North American bison (Bison bison) herd.\" 541 (2013b)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713495029"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Ridley  and G Hately  \"Vet Rec.\"  183, \"Mycoplasma bovis investigations in cattle.\" 256 (2018)","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.k3722"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"et al.  \"Mycoplasma bovis\u2014An emerging pathogen in ranched bison. Document 222.0913.\"  , 6 (2013)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:58:00Z","timestamp":1793437080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-3\/JWD-D-20-00198\/Prevalence-of-Mycoplasma-spp-in-the-Respiratory-Tract-of-Healthy\/10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00198.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00198","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]}}}