{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:33:47Z","timestamp":1793439227353,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabbit hemorrhagic disease, a notifiable foreign animal disease in the US, was reported for the first time in wild native North American lagomorphs in April 2020 in the southwestern US. Affected species included the desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), mountain cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii), black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), and antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni). Desert cottontails (n=7) and black-tailed jackrabbits (n=7) collected in April and May 2020 were necropsied at the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center and tested positive for Lagovirus europaeus GI.2, also known as rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (GI.2\/RHDV2\/b), by real-time PCR at the US Department of Agriculture's Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. Gross and microscopic lesions were similar to those reported in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and other hare (Lepus) species with GI.2\/RHDV2\/b infection; they included epistaxis (12\/13; 92%); massive hepatocellular dissociation (14\/14; 100%) and necrosis or apoptosis (11\/11; 100%); pulmonary congestion (12\/12; 100%), edema (12\/13; 92%), and hemorrhage (11\/12; 92%); and acute renal tubular injury (3\/8; 38%). As in previous reports, massive hepatocellular dissociation and necrosis or apoptosis was the most diagnostically distinct finding. As North American Sylvilagus and Lepus species appear to be susceptible to fatal GI.2\/RHDV2\/b infection, additional work is needed to understand the host range, pathogenicity, and potential population effects of GI.2\/RHDV2\/b in North America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T10:02:30Z","timestamp":1625479350000},"page":"694-700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pathology of Lagovirus europaeus GI.2\/RHDV2\/b (Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2) in Native North American Lagomorphs"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Lankton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie I.","family":"Shearn-Bochsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hon S.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Le Gall-Recul\u00e9, A Lavazza, S Marchandeau, et al.  \"Vet Res.\"  44, \"Emergence of a new lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus.\" 81 (2013)","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-81"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Abrantes, W van der Loo, J Le Pendu, et al.  \"Vet Res.\"  43, \"Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): A review.\" 12 (2012)","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-12"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Ehlers, K Borchers, C Grund, et al.  \"Virus Genes.\"  18, \"Detection of new DNA polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by PCR with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers.\" 211 (1999)","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008064118057"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Duarte, CL Carvalho, SC Barros, et al.  \"J Virol Methods.\"  219, \"A real time Taqman RT-PCR for the detection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2).\" 90 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.03.017"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Harcourt-Brown, M Silkstone, TJ Whitbread, et al.  \"J Small Anim Pract.\"  61, \"RHDV2 epidemic in UK pet rabbits. Part 1: Clinical features, gross post mortem and histopathological findings.\" 419 (2020)","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13141"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Monterroso, G Garrote, A Serronha, et al.  \"Sci Rep.\"  6, \"Disease-mediated bottom-up regulation: An emergent virus affects a keystone prey, and alters the dynamics of trophic webs.\" 36072 (2016)","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36072"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AS Neimanis, H Ahola, U Larsson Pettersson, et al.  \"BMC Vet Res.\"  14, \"Overcoming species barriers: An outbreak of Lagovirus europaeus GI.2\/RHDV2 in an isolated population of mountain hares (Lepus timidus).\" 367 (2018a)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1694-7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Neimanis, U Larsson Pettersson, N Huang, et al.  \"Vet Res.\"  49, \"Elucidation of the pathology and tissue distribution of Lagovirus europaeus GI.2\/RHDV2 (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2) in young and adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).\" 46 (2018b)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0540-z"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Rouco, JA Aguayo-Adan, S Santoro, et al.  \"Transbound Emerg Dis.\"  66, \"Worldwide rapid spread of the novel rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (GI.2\/RHDV2\/b).\" 1762 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13189"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"et al.  \"Foreign animal disease diagnostic testing catalog.\"  ,  (2018)"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"et al.  \"WHISPers (Wildlife Health Information Sharing Partnership-event reporting system).\"  ,  (2020)"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Velarde, P Cavadini, A Neimanis, et al.  \"Transbound Emerg Dis.\"  64, \"Spillover events of infection of brown hares (Lepus europaeus) with rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 2 virus (RHDV2) caused sporadic cases of an European brown hare syndrome\u2013like disease in Italy and Spain.\" 1750 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12562"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"et al.  \"Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, United States of America, Follow-up Report No. 9.\"  ,  (2020)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:58:06Z","timestamp":1793437086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-57\/issue-3\/JWD-D-20-00207\/Pathology-of-Lagovirus-europaeus-GI2-RHDV2-b-Rabbit-Hemorrhagic-Disease\/10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00207.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-20-00207","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]}}}