{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:32:03Z","timestamp":1793431923333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma bovis is an economically important bacterial pathogen of cattle (Bos taurus) and bison (Bison bison) that most commonly causes pneumonia, polyarthritis, and mastitis. It is prevalent in cattle and ranched bison; however, infections in other species are rare. In early 2019, we identified M. bovis in free-ranging pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in northeastern Wyoming. Here, we report on additional pronghorn mortalities caused by M. bovis, in the same approximately 120-km2 geographic region 1 yr later. Genetic analysis by multilocus sequence typing revealed that the mortalities were caused by the same M. bovis sequence type, which is unique among all sequence types documented thus far in North America. To explore whether pronghorn maintain chronic infections and begin assessing M. bovis status in other sympatric species, we used PCR testing of nasal swabs to opportunistically survey select free-ranging ungulates. We found no evidence of subclinical infections in 13 pronghorn sampled from the outbreak area (upper 95% binomial confidence limit [bCL], \u223c24.7%) or among 217 additional pronghorn (upper 95% bCL, \u223c1.7%) sampled from eight additional counties in Wyoming and 10 in Montana. All mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; n=231; upper 95% bCL, \u223c1.6%) sampled from 11 counties in Wyoming also were PCR negative. To assess the potential for environmental transmission, we examined persistence of M. bovis in various substrates and conditions. Controlled experiments revealed that M. bovis can remain viable for 6 h in shaded water and 2 h in direct sunlight. Our results indicate that environmental transmission of M. bovis from livestock to pronghorn is possible and that seasonality of infection could be due to shared resources during late winter. Further investigations to better understand transmission dynamics, to assess population level impacts to pronghorn, and to determine disease risks among pronghorn and other ungulate taxa appear warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-21-00117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T06:58:25Z","timestamp":1658732305000},"page":"524-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SOURCE AND SEASONALITY OF EPIZOOTIC MYCOPLASMOSIS IN FREE-RANGING PRONGHORN (ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA)"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"MacGlover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Peckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 815 Rockwood Drive, Gillette, Wyoming 82716, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halcyon","family":"Killion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1212 S Adams Street, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Creekmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Blaeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenzi","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Schwalbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Bragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute of Ecoagriculture, 901 Technology Boulevard, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry S.","family":"Sondgeroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Li, B Handsaker, A Wysoker, et al.  \"Bioinformatics.\"  25, \"The Sequence Alignment\/Map format and SAMtools.\" 2078 (2009)","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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sequence types found among North American isolates of Mycoplasma bovis from cattle, bison, and deer, 2007\u20132017.\" 899 (2019)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719874848"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KB Register, LC Jones, WD Boatwright, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  57, \"Prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in the respiratory tract of healthy North American Bison (Bison bison) and comparison with serum antibody status.\" 683 (2021)","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00198"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KB Register, I Lysnyansky, MD Jelinski, et al.  \"J Clin Microbiol.\"  58, \"Comparison of two multilocus sequence typing schemes for Mycoplasma bovis and revision of the PubMLST reference method.\" e00283 (2020)","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00283-20"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KB Register, SC Olsen, RE Sacco, et al.  \"Vet Microbiol.\"  222, \"Relative virulence in bison and cattle of bison-associated genotypes of Mycoplasma 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Sikes,  \"J Mamm.\"  97, \"2016 Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education.\" 663 (2016)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyw078"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"SS Sweeney, RJ Jones, K Patyk, et al.  \"Emerging Disease Notice. Document 222.0913.\"  \"Mycoplasma bovis\u2014An emerging pathogen in ranched bison.\" 1 (2013)"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Yang, RK Boughton, RS Miller, et al.  \"Prev Vet Med.\"  194, \"Spatial variation in direct and indirect contact rates at the wildlife-livestock interface for informing disease management.\" 105423 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105423"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:04:49Z","timestamp":1793430289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-58\/issue-3\/JWD-D-21-00117\/SOURCE-AND-SEASONALITY-OF-EPIZOOTIC-MYCOPLASMOSIS-IN-FREE-RANGING-PRONGHORN\/10.7589\/JWD-D-21-00117.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-21-00117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]}}}