{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:33:37Z","timestamp":1793432017353,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) are susceptible to anthropogenic mortality factors, including toxic compounds in the environment such as anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) and sources of man-made energy. The physical and behavioral effects of some toxins may predispose eagles to certain causes of death (COD). To investigate the influence of ARs on mortality of Golden Eagles at wind turbine farms, we randomly tested liver samples from 31 eagles found dead on wind farms and submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory from 2013\u201320. The comparison group was composed of 31 Golden Eagles sampled during the same time frame with a COD of power line electrocution as a proxy for a relatively lower effort and altitude activity. Associations between COD, AR exposure, sex, and life stage were assessed. In each group, 12 birds (35%) were found to have been exposed to brodifacoum or bromadiolone prior to death. Logistic regression showed no significant association between COD and sex (P=0.194) or life stage (P=0.895). Across both mortality types, life stage was not a significant predictor of AR exposure (P=0.725), but males were more likely to have been exposed to ARs (P=0.032). These findings suggest that there is no difference in the influence of anticoagulant exposure on higher and lower altitude activity in Golden Eagles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-21-00144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T08:47:22Z","timestamp":1650876442000},"page":"348-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["ANTICOAGULANT EXPOSURE IN GOLDEN EAGLE (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) POWER LINE ELECTROCUTION AND WIND TURBINE MORTALITIES"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tabitha C.","family":"Viner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 E Main St., Ashland, Oregon 97520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 E Main St., Ashland, Oregon 97520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Section of Toxicology, 4125 Beaumont Rd., Lansing, Michigan 48910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Buchweitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Section of Toxicology, 4125 Beaumont Rd., Lansing, Michigan 48910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Ecke, NJ Singh, JM Arnemo, et al.  \"Environ Sci Technol.\"  51, \"Sublethal lead exposure alters movement behavior in free-ranging golden eagles.\" 5729 (2017)","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06024"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"\"U.S. Wind industry annual report 2018\u2013Executive summary.\"  (2019)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Bairlein, J Fritz, A Scope, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  10, \"Energy expenditure and metabolic changes of free-flying migrating northern bald ibis.\" e0134433 (2015)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134433"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"S. 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Lohr,  \"Sci Total Environ.\"  643, \"Anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in an Australian predatory bird increases with proximity to developed habitat.\" 134 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.207"},{"key":"28","unstructured":"\"R: a language and environment for statistical computing.\"  (2020)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SR Loss, T Will, PP Marra,  \"Nat Commun.\"  4, \"The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States.\" 1396 (2013)","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2380"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RE Russell  and JC Franson  \"Wildl Soc Bull.\"  38, \"Causes of mortality in eagles submitted to the National Wildlife Health Center 1975\u20132013.\" 697 (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.469"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:28:31Z","timestamp":1793431711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-58\/issue-2\/JWD-D-21-00144\/ANTICOAGULANT-EXPOSURE-IN-GOLDEN-EAGLE-AQUILA-CHRYSAETOS-POWER-LINE-ELECTROCUTION\/10.7589\/JWD-D-21-00144.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-21-00144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}}}