{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:32:35Z","timestamp":1793428355360,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild animals are commonly captured for conservation, research, and wildlife management purposes. However, capture is associated with a high risk of morbidity or mortality. Capture-induced hyperthermia is a commonly encountered complication believed to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Active cooling of hyperthermic animals by dousing with water is believed to treat capture-induced pathophysiological effects, but remains untested. This study aimed to determine the pathophysiological effects of capture, and whether cooling by dousing with cold water effectively reduces these effects in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi). Thirty-eight blesbok were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group that was not chased (Ct, n=12), chased not cooled (CNC, n=14), and chased plus cooled group (C+C, n=12). The CNC and C+C groups were chased for 15 min prior to chemical immobilization on day 0. Animals in the C+C group were cooled with 10 L of cold water (4 C) for 10 min during immobilization. All animals were immobilized on days 0, 3, 16, and 30. During each immobilization, rectal and muscle temperatures were recorded, and arterial and venous blood samples collected. Blesbok in the CNC and C+C groups presented with capture-induced pathophysiological changes characterized by hyperthermia, hyperlactatemia, increased markers of liver, skeletal, and cardiac muscle damage, hypoxemia, and hypocapnia. Cooling effectively returned body temperatures to normothermic levels, but neither the magnitude nor the duration of the pathophysiological changes differed between the CNC and C+C groups. Therefore, at least in blesbok, capture-induced hyperthermia appears not to be the primary cause of the pathophysiological changes, but is more likely a clinical sign of the hypermetabolism resulting from capture-induced physical and psychological stress. Although cooling is still recommended to prevent the compounding cytotoxic effects of persistent hyperthermia, it is unlikely to prevent stress- and hypoxia-induced damage caused by the capture procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:34:46Z","timestamp":1685579686000},"page":"288-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["COOLING BY DOUSING WITH COLD WATER DOES NOT ALTER THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CAPTURE IN BLESBOK (DAMALISCUS PYGARGUS PHILLIPSI)"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Leiberich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustina","family":"Fitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Burroughs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Steyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Haw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordyn M.","family":"Boesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tertius A.","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leith C. R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Kock, RK Clark, CE Franti, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  23, \"Effects of capture on biological parameters in free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): evaluation of normal, stressed and mortality outcomes and documentation of postcapture survival.\" 652 (1987)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-23.4.652"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Dickens, DJ Delehanty, LM Romero,  \"Biol Conserv.\"  143, \"Stress: An inevitable component of animal translocation.\" 1329 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.02.032"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GE Zeiler  and LCR Meyer  \"Vet Anaesth Analg.\"  44, \"Chemical capture of impala (Aepyceros melampus): a review of factors contributing to morbidity and mortality.\" 991 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.04.005"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Breed, LCR Meyer, JCA Steyl, et al.  \"Conserv Physiol.\"  7, \"Conserving wildlife in a changing world: understanding capture myopathy\u2014a malignant outcome of stress during capture and translocation.\" coz027 (2019)","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coz027"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"MD Kock, R du Toit, N Kock, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  21, \"Effects of capture and translocation on biological parameters in free-ranging black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe.\" 414 (1990)"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Boesch, RD Gleed, HN Erb, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  46, \"Laboratory validation of a point-of-care cardiac troponin I assay for use in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).\" 468 (2015)","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0131.1"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TM Rossi, PA Kavsak, MG Maxie, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  30, \"Analytical validation of cardiac troponin I assays in horses.\" 226 (2018)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717747070"},{"key":"37","unstructured":""},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CN Jacques, JA Jenks, CS Deperno, et al.  \"J Wildl Manage.\"  73, \"Evaluating ungulate mortality associated with helicopter net-gun captures in the Northern Great Plains.\" 1282 (2009)","DOI":"10.2193\/2009-039"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Montan\u00e9, I Marco, J L\u00f3pez-Olvera, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  39, \"Effects of acepromazine on capture stress in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).\" 375 (2003)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.2.375"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Arnemo, P Ahlqvist, R Andersen, et al.  \"Wildl Biol.\"  12, \"Risk of capture-related mortality in large free-ranging mammals: Experiences from Scandinavia.\" 109 (2006)","DOI":"10.2981\/0909-6396(2006)12[109:ROCMIL]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Beringer, LP Hansen, W Wilding, et al.  \"J Wildl Manage.\"  60, \"Factors affecting capture myopathy in white-tailed deer.\" 373 (1996)","DOI":"10.2307\/3802238"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Bouchama  and J Knochel  \"N Engl J Med.\"  346, \"Heat stroke.\" 1978 (2002)","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Braud, EP Mitchell, V van der Merwe, et al.  \"J S Afr Vet Assoc.\"  90, \"A veterinary survey of factors associated with capture-related mortalities in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).\" 1723 (2019)","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v90i0.1723"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Brivio, S Grignolio, N Sica, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  10, \"Assessing the impact of capture on wild animals: The case study of chemical immobilisation on Alpine ibex.\" e0130957 (2015)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130957"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"LS. Brunner,  \"Brunner & Suddarth's handbook of laboratory and diagnostic tests,.\"  572 (2009)"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"TF. Burks,  \"Thermoregulation: Pathology, pharmacology and therapy.\"  \"Opioids and opioid receptors in thermoregulation.\" 489 (1991)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Dancygier,  \"Clinical hepatology: Principles and practice of hepatobiliary diseases.\"  \"Basic laboratory parameters.\" 319 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-93842-2_34"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ML. Drew,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  32, \"The use of a tympanic membrane thermometer for assessing hyperthermia in bighorn sheep.\" 512 (1996)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-32.3.512"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Epstein  and WO Roberts  \"Scand J Med Sci Sports.\"  21, \"The pathopysiology of heat stroke: An integrative view of the final common pathway.\" 742 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01333.x"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"LF. Fajardo,  \"Cancer Res.\"  44, \"Pathological effects of hyperthermia in normal tissues.\" 4826s (1984)"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"MD Gericke, JM Hofmeyr, GN Louw,  \"Madoqua.\"  11, \"The effect of capture stress and haloperidol therapy on the physiology and blood chemistry of springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis.\" 5 (1978)"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JO Hampton, M Amos, A Pople, et al.  \"Wildl Res.\"  48, \"Minimising mortalities in capturing wildlife: Refinement of helicopter darting of chital deer (Axis axis) in Australia.\" 304 (2021)","DOI":"10.1071\/WR20106"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"E Hopkins, T Sanvictores, S Sharma,  \"StatPearls.\"  \"Physiology, acid base balance.\" (2022)"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"AO. Hosten,  \"Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations.\"  \"BUN and creatinine.\" 874 (1990)"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DM. Keenan,  \"Aust Vet J.\"  55, \"Changes of blood metabolites in horses after racing, with particular reference to uric acid.\" 54 (1979)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1979.tb15159.x"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"FY. Khan,  \"Neth J Med.\"  67, \"Rhabdomyolysis: A review of the literature.\" 272 (2009)"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Kosaka, M Yamane, R Ogai, et al.  \"J Therm Biol.\"  29, \"Human body temperature regulation in extremely stressful environment: Epidemiology and pathophysiology of heat stroke.\" 495 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.019"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RM Leach  and DF Treacher  \"BMJ.\"  317, \"Oxygen transport\u20142 . Tissue hypoxia.\" 1370 (1998)","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7169.1370"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LCR Meyer, L Fick, A Matthee, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  44, \"Hyperthermia in captured impala (Aepyceros melampus): A fright not flight response.\" 404 (2008a)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.2.404"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LCR Meyer, RS Hetem, LG Fick, et al.  \"J S Afr Vet Assoc.\"  79, \"Thermal, cardiorespiratory and cortisol responses of impala (Aepyceros melampus) to chemical immobilisation with 4 different drug combinations.\" 121 (2008b)","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v79i3.258"},{"key":"28","unstructured":"G Mitchell  and JJA Heffron  \"S Afr J Sci.\"  76, \"Porcine stress syndromes: A mitochondrial defect?\" 546 (1980)"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JF Moxnes  and \u00d8 Sandbakk  \"Theor Biol Med Model.\"  9, \"The kinetics of lactate production and removal during whole-body exercise.\" 7 (2012)","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-9-7"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Oka,  \"Handbook of clinical neurology.\"  \"Stress-induced hyperthermia and hypothermia.\" 599 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64074-1.00035-5"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LM Ozeki, N Caulkett, G Stenhouse, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  46, \"Effect of active cooling and \u03b1-2 adrenoceptor antagonism on core temperature in anesthetized brown bears (Ursus arctos).\" 279 (2015)","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0052R.1"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"Y Sakaguchi, LC Stephens, M Makino, et al.  \"Cancer Res.\"  55, \"Apoptosis in tumors and normal tissues induced by whole body hyperthermia in rats.\" 5459 (1995)"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J Sawicka, A Fuller, LG Fick, et al.  \"Afr J Wildl Res.\"  45, \"Efficacy of different cooling methods for capture-induced hyperthermia in antelope.\" 100 (2015)","DOI":"10.3957\/056.045.0111"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Schober  and LA Schwarte  \"J Clin Monit Comput.\"  26, \"From system to organ to cell: Oxygenation and perfusion measurement in anesthesia and critical care.\" 255 (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-012-9350-4"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Valberg, BE Gustavsson, A Lindholm, et al.  \"Equine Vet J.\"  21, \"Blood chemistry and skeletal muscle metabolic responses during and after different speeds and durations of trotting.\" 91 (1989)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02102.x"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Ward, MA King, C Gabrial, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  15, \"Biochemical recovery from exertional heat stroke follows a 16-day time course.\" e0229616 (2020)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229616"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AHB. Wu,  \"Front Lab Med.\"  1, \"Release of cardiac troponin from healthy and damaged myocardium.\" 144 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flm.2017.09.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:52:03Z","timestamp":1793425923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-59\/issue-2\/JWD-D-22-00059\/COOLING-BY-DOUSING-WITH-COLD-WATER-DOES-NOT-ALTER-THE\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00059.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}