{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:33:21Z","timestamp":1793428401398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a zoonotic disease of mammalian hosts and flea vectors. Fipronil baits have been used to suppress adult fleas for plague mitigation. The degree and duration of flea control may increase if fipronil also kills other stages in the flea life cycle. We fed grain treated with 0.005% fipronil by weight, or nontreated grain, to black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), which excrete fipronil and metabolites in their feces after consuming fipronil in their diet. We presented prairie dog feces to 331 larval Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). When exposed to feces lacking fipronil or metabolites, 84% of larvae survived for 24 h. In contrast, survival declined to 42% for larvae contacting feces from fipronil-treated prairie dogs. Just 7% of larvae consuming feces from fipronil-treated prairie dogs survived. Fipronil and metabolites may persist in host feces for several months or longer in prairie dog burrows where flea larvae dwell and forage. The lethal effects of fipronil on adult and larval fleas (and perhaps other life stages) may help to explain why fipronil baits are capable of suppressing fleas on prairie dogs for \u226512 mo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:51:55Z","timestamp":1682383915000},"page":"84-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["LETHAL EFFECTS ON FLEA LARVAE OF FIPRONIL IN HOST FECES: POTENTIAL BENEFITS FOR PLAGUE MITIGATION"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-017X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Eads","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler N.","family":"Tretten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Black-Footed Ferret Conservation Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, PO Box 190, Wellington, Colorado 80549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Black-Footed Ferret Conservation Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, PO Box 190, Wellington, Colorado 80549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean E.","family":"Biggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"46","unstructured":"\"R: A language and environment for statistical computing.\"  (2021)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE Biggins  and MY Kosoy  \"J Mammal.\"  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Pract Vet.\"  23, \"Efficacy of nitenpyram against a flea strain with resistance to fipronil.\" 16 (2001)"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Silverman  and AG Appel  \"J Med Entomol.\"  31, \"Adult cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) excretion of host blood proteins in relation to larval nutrition.\" 265 (1994)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/31.2.265"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N Simon-Delso, V Amaral-Rogers, LP Belzunces, et al.  \"Environ Sci Pollut Res.\"  22, \"Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): Trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites.\" 5 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3470-y"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DW Tripp, SP Streich, DA Sack, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  52, \"Season of deltamethrin application affects flea and plague control in white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus) colonies, Colorado, USA.\" 553 (2016)","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-10-290"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X Vall\u00e8s, NC Stenseth, C Demeure, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  14, \"Human plague: An old scourge that needs new answers.\" e0008251 (2020)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008251"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Wang, N Vasylieva, D Wan, et al.  \"Anal Chem.\"  91, \"Quantitative detection of fipronil and fipronil-sulfone in sera of black-tailed prairie dogs and rats after oral exposure to fipronil by camel single-domain antibody-based immunoassays.\" 1532 (2019)","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04653"},{"key":"59","unstructured":"MJ Wilcomb,  \"A study of prairie dog burrow systems and the ecology of their arthropod inhabitants in central Oklahoma.\"  172 (1954)"},{"key":"60","unstructured":"J Wimsatt  and DE Biggins  \"J Vector-Borne Dis.\"  46, \"A review of plague persistence with special emphasis on fleas.\" 85 (2009)"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U Yinon, A Shulov, J Margalit,  \"Parasitol.\"  57, \"The hygroreaction of the larvae of the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis Rothsch. (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae).\" 315 (1967)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000072115"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:00:27Z","timestamp":1793426427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-59\/issue-1\/JWD-D-22-00092\/LETHAL-EFFECTS-ON-FLEA-LARVAE-OF-FIPRONIL-IN-HOST-FECES\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00092.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]}}}